The Industrial Revolution in England Personal Statement

The Industrial Revolution in England - Personal Statement Example But this is the story of the working class. Enclosure meant that the poor, rather than the rich, constituted landless labourers. The working class had therefore lost their independence, their soul and dignity to work. But my quality of life despite this may have improved in general. The Industrial Revolution changed Manchester from a rural, and agricultural society, to an urban and industrial society. The Industrial Revolution has bought significant benefits. The spinning jenny has reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, the Industrial Revolution has also bought to us the steam engine, and the power driven machinery in the textile industry, in our mills, for steam-powered looms for weaving. Importantly, families are now able to generate a greater income, as the wife is now able to stay at home and work the fields whilst the husband can work freely in the factory. But a Manchester once made up of peasant farmers, enjoying rural England, became unfortunately a Manchester soaked in sap and tar that so vehemently attacked our lungs. Despite technological advances, Manchester factories turned into breeding grounds for slave-driven worker standards. Revenue took over from efficiency; employer standards took priority over employee standards. But improvements in travel conditions, such as stronger bridges and roads, and the other inventions that we can now exploit, such as the st

Short paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Short paper - Essay Example The basic requirements for putting on a successful sport event are covered in the first of the course lectures (Lecture 1, 2010) and begins by underlining the importance of the role of the sport event manager – the person who is in overall charge - and has the ultimate responsibility for the success, or failure of the event. As there will be many different but interlocking facets the event manager is generally assisted by sport event co-ordinators each handling a specific range of issues. Essentially the organisation of a successful event requires an accurate appreciation of the intended scope of the enterprise, ranging from minor directed towards local audiences to major [mega]events capable of attracting greater numbers and significant media coverage which target international audiences and require large public financial support. All of them have – to a greater or lesser degree – similar requirements [with differences in scale] and include the need to harness sponsorship, the support of the relevant sport agencies as well as local, national and international groups and federations. This is also handled in Lecture 2(2010) and the requirements are portrayed in an elegant interaction diagram (Lecture 2, 2010) as is the organisational chart of the International Olympic Committee, together with its interaction with host country agencies. This is important since to host an Olympic series is one of the pinnacles of sport events. Central to the event’s success are finance and sponsorship. The funding of the event can be secured through government and institutional grants, levies on associations, industrial and commercial sponsorship, rich individuals and a multitude of large and small stakeholders as well as gate receipts (Lecture 2, 2010). which were covered in the lectures namely: what was essential for ensuring success?

Importance Of Human Resources In The Hospitaliy Industry Tourism Essay

Importance Of Human Resources In The Hospitaliy Industry Tourism Essay In order to gain competitive power for the hotel, human resource management is an elementary issue. Human resource management can be regarded as the foundation for the hotel to acquire competitive advantage. Honoring the employees through effective communication, training programs for the employees and benefit programs is what effective hospitality management is all about. Human resource management and effective hospitality management is the corner stone of successful business in hospitality industry. The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. In todays quality-driven, empowered, hospitality workplace, practices that encourage greater employee performance must become integrated into the way a hotel, restaurant, resort, or any other form of hospitality service organization does business. Getting it right the first time (one of the sacred tenets of total quality management) can only be achieved in the hospitality industry through a motivated, empowered, and trained team. At times guest problems are not foreseen; therefore, employees have to feel empowered to correct a problem on the spot. In a service business, you cant have a rigid set of rules. It is possible to have guidelines, but people must be allowed the freedom to make different interpretations. A mature, well-trained hospitality team is capable of making better quality decisions than a single individual. The use of a team approach improves the overall quality of decision making, and the level of commitment to the team becomes much higher. When team members share the process of problem solving and decision making, they are more likely to become owners of the organizations plans, and to do everything possible to transform the plans into reality. Collective wisdom is virtually always superior to individual wisdom. what are the staffing issues for hotels ? i m writing u the case study which is have it. please give me a solution about staffing issues. The Courthouse Hotel is a large, privately owned establishment located in the centre of a large city. Once the major hotel in the city, it has in recent years struggled to maintain profit margins in the face of competition from three new hotels operated by well-known national and international chains. The Courthouse maintains a three-star standard of service, competing primarily on the basis of cost. Its prices are therefore kept considerably lower than those charged in the newer hotels, while the range and quality of food and accommodation are also of a lower standard. The hotel has 150 bedrooms, a bar, a carvery style restaurant, and a function room which is used for private dinners and business meetings. There are no large-scale banqueting facilities, no porters and no room service. While there are one or two part-time members of staff, 95% are employed on full-time permanent contracts. With the exception of a few senior managers, administrators and night workers, the staff work either early or late shifts (ie 6.30-3.30 or 3.00-11.00). Because the vast majority of the hotels guests are business people staying on week-nights, staff are required to work only one weekend in every four. Three months ago a well-known businessman purchased the hotel with a number of interests in the city. He has decided to change the business strategy by moving the hotel up-market to a four star standard and offering a wider range of services. A major refurbishment is planned, together with the opening of a new banqueting suite, an à   la carte restaurant, a leisure club, a full portering service and extensive lounge / room service operation. In staffing terms there is a need to improve the interpersonal skills of staff and to raise general standards of customer service by a substantial margin. The rationale for these developments is the impending opening of a new convention center a short walk away from the hotel. From January next year it is expected that the volume of trade will increase by 60 per cent, provided the Courthouse can raise its standards to those expected of a wealthier and more international clientele. The problem, from a people management perspective, is the likely erratic nature of business patterns once the convention centre opens. Periods of several weeks will go by with relatively little occurring in the centre, punctuated by shorter periods of frenetic activity when major conferences, exhibitions, concerts and sporting events take place. A more specific opportunity presents itself next summer, when as part of a bid to publicise the citys new convention centre, the government has announced that it will be hosting a major intergovernmental conference in the city. For the duration of this event each hotel will house a particular delegation, with the Courthouse being allocated to the Germans. This means that the entire hotel will be taken over by the German Chancellor, other senior German politicians, advisers, civil servants and 75 accredited journalists for a week next summer. During that period there will be a heavy security operation in the hotel. It will also have to host several press conferences and a series of breakfast meetings at which the Chancellor will meet other world leaders. In addition, it will have to maintain a far higher standard of cuisine and service than it is accustomed to providing. If successful, a large amount of positive publicity can be guaranteed. If, on the other hand, the hotel conspicuous ly fails to provide the standard of service expected by a Government delegation, the ensuing negative publicity way will undermine the whole refurbishment strategy planned by the new owner. One of the most important departments of any hotel staff is human resources management. Proper human resources management can be the difference between a really well run hotel and a poorly one hotel. The human resources manager can control almost the whole feeling and presence of the entire hotel. This makes the importance of human resources management for hotels very evident. There are several different areas in which human resources management is very important. One of these areas is for newly hired employees. The employees that are hired in a hotel can really alter the quality of service and the whole atmosphere of the hotel. This means that it is very important to pick upbeat, dedicated workers for each position. It is the job of the human resources manager to make sure that good people are chosen to work in the hotel. In many cases many hotel workers are only participating in hotel work because they can find nothing else to do. Not very many people have a dream of running or serving in a hotel environment. However, there are some people who do want to work in that capacity, and it is the job of the human resources manager to find those people. Retention of employees is another large problem in the hotel service business. Since so many of the employees do not have hotel work as their ending career goals, many of them only work in a hotel for a short amount of time. Other employees may have to be let go because of poor work ethics or other issues. However, there are ways that a hotel human resources manager can curb some of the desire and likelihood that employees will move to other jobs quickly. The importance of human resources management for hotels is very large in this area. Managers can provide good training and incentive programs that will cause employees to stay longer at the hotel. Having a clear progression plan to advance to higher levels of service will also cause employees to stick around much longer. The issue of employee progression and promotion is also another large issue for the hotel industry. The importance of human resources management for hotels is proven in this area. Hotels which provide ways for employees to advance in position, or that provide training for employees so that they can gain skills necessary for an advanced position are very important to the retention rate of employees. It is easy to implement services of this nature and the expense is negligible compared to the expense and time necessary to constantly find new employees to replace the ones that always leave shortly after being hired. One of the easiest things to implement is English lessons. Many hotel employees do not speak English very well, and so it is a great incentive for them to stay working at a hotel if they are offered English lessons. The importance of human resources management for hotels is also important in the area of employee services. If the employees know they can come to the human resources manager whenever they have a problem or issue then it is easier for them to work in good conscience. Many human resources departments implement different games and activities to make the work environment more interesting and fun for employees. There are many different services that a human resources manager can think of to help employee morale. Maybe the hotel could implement a babysitting service, or have a park day every year. These little services go a long way towards making happy employees. Happy employees make happy companies and happy customers. As you can see, the importance of human resources management for hotels is very great. There are thousands of ways that a human resources manager can make a hotel run more smoothly and more efficiently. There are many different areas that can benefit from the experience and guidance of a human resources manager. Therefore it is very important to not undermine the managers importance. Without the human resources manager a hotel is not the same or as pleasing to customers and employees. A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION The project work entitled a STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION with special reference to Hyderabad Industries Ltd; Thrissur is mainly conducted to identify the factors which will motivate the employees and the organizational functions in Hyderabad Industries Ltd, Thrissur. Managements basic job is the effective utilization of human resources for achievements of organizational objectives. The personnel management is concerned with organizing human resources in such a way to get maximum output to the enterprise and to develop the talent of people at work to the fullest satisfaction. Motivation implies that one person, in organization context a manager, includes another, say an employee, to engage in action by ensuring that a channel to satisfy those needs and aspirations becomes available to the person. In addition to this, the strong needs in a direction that is satisfying to the latent needs in employees and harness them in a manner that would be functional for the organization. Employee m otivation is one of the major issues faced by every organization. It is the major task of every manager to motivate his subordinates or to create the will to work among the subordinates. It should also be remembered that a worker may be immensely capable of doing some work; nothing can be achieved if he is not willing to work. A manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to enthuse the employees to follow them. Hence this studies also focusing on the employee motivation among the employees of Hyderabad Industries Ltd. The data needed for the study has been collected from the employees through questionnaires and through direct interviews. Analysis and interpretation has been done by using the statistical tools and datas are presented through tables and charts. 2. What is a Motivation? Robbins and Judge (2007) explain that motivation is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal (Robbins and Judge, 2007 p.186). However, this process has to be worked between the managers or supervisor of the business and its employees as the manager or supervisor is in charge of studying methods of encouraging employees to work hard and efficiently on a constant basis (Cited on: Guerrier, 1999 p. 100). In addition, many motivation theories were developed during the 1950s; such as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, Theories X and Y and the two factor theory    but those would not be examined here as their validity has been questionable (Cited on: Robbins and Judge, 2007 p.186). On the other hand, the Expectancy theory will be carefully studied in order to understand why managers should focus more on providing to its employees reasons for putting effort into their work and therefore generate good work performance that could lead to rewards that are Employee motivation in the workplace The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through employees. To do this the manager should be able to motivate employees. But thats easier said than done! Motivation practice and theory are difficult subjects, touching on several disciplines. In spite of enormous research, basic as well as applied, the subject of motivation is not clearly understood and more often than not poorly practiced. To understand motivation one must understand human nature itself. And there lies the problem! Human nature can be very simple, yet very complex too. An understanding and appreciation of this is a prerequisite to effective employee motivation in the workplace and therefore effective management and leadership. What Does it Mean to Lead? Leadership, as defined by most dictionaries, means to go before, or with, to show the way; to induce. Every organization needs a leader (and preferably several leaders) to show the way to others as the organization strives to define and achieve its goals. Whether these goals are entrepreneurial or humanitarian or both the leaders work is to instill a sense of purpose and passion to the work that the organization undertakes. Identifying, developing and sustaining leadership in your organization must be one of your strategic objectives. Without leaders at every level of your organization, your organization may well under-perform. It may miss strategic opportunities, stifle innovation, underutilize your employees, and fall short of its goals in customer service, quality, productivity, and profitability. Russell Consulting, Inc. can guide your organization in identifying and developing your leaders. We can help you develop the key competencies that will help develop and sustain leadership, but also sustain your companys long-term success. Leadership at every level make all of the difference as to whether your company will be around for the long haul. Invest in leadership today to sustain your success for tomorrow and beyond. The Core Competencies of Leadership RCI has been developing leaders in its client organizations since 1987. We have designed and developed leadership programs that help define an ambitious role for leaders at every level and then build the competencies to fulfill this role. Some of the competencies that we have defined as core to the role of leaders include: Strategic Thinking Coaching Problem Solving Decision Making Systems Thinking Delegation Performance Management and Accountability Inspiring a Shared Vision Managing Conflict Building and Sustaining Teamwork Leading Change Quality and Productivity Improvement Servant Leadership Emotional Intelligence Innovation and Creativity Customer Service Employee Development Develop Trust Dealing with Ambiguity See the link at the upper right of this page for a possible leadership curriculum. Defining and Assessing Leadership Competencies We can help your organization define what it seeks to develop in its leaders and then design a customized leadership development program for you. Once we guide you in defining what leadership means in your company, we then conduct a 360 ° leadership assessment (of these core competencies) to provide a baseline measure of each leaders effectiveness. Click here for more information on our leadership 360: 360 ° Leadership Assessment and Development. Developing leadership at every level of your organization helps sustain your long-term success. When you work with us to develop your leadership, we help you grow your leadership at every level through customized training programs and guide your leaders in applying what they are learning to real issues and challenges facing your organization.

A Case of Murder by Vernon Scannel is a poem which deals with a very Es

A Case of Murder by Vernon Scannel is a poem which deals with a very unusual topic; the murder of a cat by a nine year old boy. The poet brings the poem alive by using different writing techniques e.g. line lengths. â€Å"A Case of murder† by Vernon Scannel Critical response to literature by Gregor Baird â€Å"A Case of Murder† by â€Å"Vernon Scannel† is a poem which deals with a very unusual topic; the murder of a cat by a nine year old boy. The poet brings the poem alive by using different writing techniques e.g. line lengths, no rhyme or pattern this holds my attention more and stops the rhyme merge into one tone. He also uses writing techniques such as Repetition, Figurative language, structure & rhyme. In the poem the boy has been left with a cat in a basement flat and the cat is just sitting buzzing away. This really annoys the boy and the hatred that has gathered up in the boy. This results in the boy hitting the cat then prodding the cat then crushing the cat in between the door. In result to this the boy cries and decides to get a shovel from the cupboard under the stairs and he shovels the cat into the cupboard under the stairs. Although the cat is dead he thinks the cat is growing in the cupboard and the cupboard is going to split. The boy in the poem is very annoyed about the cat â€Å"He hated that cat; he watched it sit a buzzing machine of soft black stuff† because the cat gets all the attention and he is left out, therefore the boy is jealous of the cat. From the poem it tells us that the boy is insecure with his parents â€Å"He was only nine, not old enough to be left alone in a basement flat† because they left a nine-year-old alone with a cat in a basement flat with no one. This also tells us that h... ...re isn’t something the poet wants to commit to in this poem. It doesn’t have an order of regular size in each stanza a variety of length of lines. Unclear pattern allows us to see the change in the boy’s emotions. The theme of this poem is all to do with guilt, which has been mentioned in the essay. Hate is the main emotion between boy and cat, conscience a thing, which the boy does have, power that has been swapped from cat to boy and anger which has built up in the boy. In conclusion to this critical response to literature I have 1covered the techniques in the poem, the emotions, the situation between the boy and the cat and the very unusual topic. It has been described how the poet brings the unusual poem alive for us. We have discussed the character and how he changed during the main incident and in depth about the emotion and feeling of the boy.

17th Century Venetian Opera

Lauren Rader Music History I November 19, 2010 17th Century Opera in Venice Between 1637 and 1678, in nine different theaters, Venetian audiences saw more than 150 operas. The creation of public opera houses sparked the interest of the people of the time because of social and philosophical changes that were happening in the Republican state of Venice. Opera was not only interesting to the elite. It had now made its way to a public audience. The primary audience was the crowd of Venetians and tourists that came for the carnival season in Venice.Opera succeeded as a public art form for many reasons: because of its exquisite musicality, it was highly successful and it became a way to produce revenue. Ellen Rosand says that three conditions existed for opera to be a permanent establishment in the Venetian culture: there was regular demand during the carnival season, dependable financial backing, and a broad predictable audience. An important group involved with the financial backing and librettos written for the opera houses were the Accademia degli Incogniti, translating to â€Å"The Academy of Unknowns†. This was a secret society of noblemen, founded by Giovanni Francesco Loredano.One reason opera was such a success during this time was due to this libertine group. Even though their ideas were bold and they said heretical things, without their financial backing, their librettos may have never made it to the opera houses if they hadn’t been in Venice at that time. Also, women were expected to exhibit certain social and moral standards during this time, and this was often the theme of many librettos written by the Accademia degli Incogniti from 1637-1678. The librettos were themed around virtues where a protagonist exemplified an act of goodness in her role.Another important factor about Venetian opera was that before the San Cassiano opera house, operas had been written for private courts of the wealthy aristocrats only. Public opera houses marked a new form of social event, entertainment, and source of revenue for musicians, writers/poets, and wealthy benefactors. Venice was a republican state and the government was considerably more open to new ideas and conventions than the rest of Italy, cities like Florence and Rome. Venice was a state with its own special position in the world and history that integrated freedom and stability. The great myth of Venice was that it was an undefeated state.The people claimed that the city was founded on the day of Annunciation on March 25, 421. Since that time no one had defeated Venice, and by the 17th Century it had lasted longer than ancient Rome. Scholars believe that this was because of its republican constitution allowing the noblemen to share the power and divide it among themselves. The wealthy were about 5% of the population, but the common people were pleased with this way of government and lived happily without too much complaint. [1] Venice’s government was more relaxed an d open, and that had much to do with what was allowed and not allowed in the public opera houses of the time.Another fact that is important to note is that the ruling patricians (noblemen) were involved in commerce and the arts—eventually opera. According to Edward Muir, â€Å"At the end of the sixteenth century, the camerata theorists under Medici patronage invented the form of musical drama now called â€Å"opera† for performance in the courtly environment of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany† (Muir 331). The opening of the Teatro San Cassiano marked the first public opera house for a paying audience. There was a divided relationship between patrician youth and the elderly patrician office holders.While the youth were licentious, the older generation had an impulse for social control. [2] The old law passed by the Council of Ten prohibited theatrical performances that were for carnivals and weddings, especially banning comedies. The Accademia degli Incogniti probably retrieved some of their ideas from the Compagnie della Calza, a club of young nobles â€Å"known for their hedonism and pushing the limits of their elders† (Muir 334), created at the end of the 16th century. The Compangie protected their identity through a code of silence. They used surnames, much like the Accademia degli Incogniti would do a century and a half later.Nonetheless, secret organizations were a way to avoid public persecution and harassment, while still speaking out on controversial issues. A young playwright, Ruzante, played characters that made fun of and criticized the upper class. To this end, Ruzante wrote a play where one critic complained that he exceeded the boundaries of taste: â€Å"completely lascivious, with very dirty words, and God was blasphemed by all of them, and [the audience] shrieked at them†(Muir 334). This relationship between cutting edge and tradition continued to be a prevalent issue into the time of Venetian opera in the 1600s.A distinguishing feature of new theaters was â€Å"the inclusion of several floors of boxes that provided elevated, separated, and private spaces from with paying customers, apparently patricians and distinguished foreigners could watch performances† (Muir 335). From his book, â€Å"The Short, Lascivious Lives of Two Venetian Theaters†. Eugene Johnson, talks about box seats creating a feeling of premier social space that was private but at the same time public. Yet, Venetians soon started to use these box seats as modern day motel rooms; â€Å"the box itself became a stage for imagination and metaphor for the libertine style†(Muir 335).The box seats were called plachi. The Jesuits complained almost immediately that these â€Å"wicked acts†¦creating scandal† in the plachi were immoral and provided another reason to promote their anti-theater cause. There is no real evidence of these scandalous acts taking place, but accounts say that boxes read on the f loor â€Å"per le donne†. During these obscene comedies, obscene acts were taking place at the same time on the other side of the thin wooden box seats; for Venetian theater was full of scandal.In 1606, Antonio Persis wrote in defense of the papal cause, criticizing the Venetians for their â€Å"addiction to avarice and luxuria† (Rosand 412). He said that the theaters were luxaria, and because of his account, the Jesuits destroyed the theaters in Venice. On the other hand, the Jesuits were then banned from Venice in late 1606 by the Interdict crisis, which opened up the opportunity again for seasonal comic theater. Even before opera, Venetians held a long standing tradition for carnivals, comedies, courtesans, and scandal. However, the politics in Venice â€Å"remained simply conservative and committed to republicanism† (Muir 337).Although, opera was comic and touched on social context of men and women, â€Å"[it] had the capacity to engage current political af fairs and debates† (Romano 402). In Purciello’s thesis from Princeton University, he talks about opera standing in contrast with the religious and economic ambiguity â€Å"amidst the spectacle and festivities of the carnival season. Venice was a port center where â€Å"people from the four corners of the world convened. This mix of cultures produced a rather exotic atmosphere: a combination of Christian and pagan religious histories.All sorts of audiences, rich and poor, swarmed to public opera houses to experience spectacle, music, and drama. Venice was a city where commercial business was thriving, which resulted in mass productions of entertainment (Purciello 11). Opera houses repeated operas a season by altering the music of libretti, characters wearing new costumes, and reinforcing popular plot lines. Musicians and talent were not usually local Venetian musicians. They were traveling tour groups, who performed all over Italy and Europe. Yet, the musicians knew th e unique character Venice required for its music, and how it differed in performance practice.Venetian opera was centered on spectacle: The use of stage machinery caused an increase in the number and elaborateness of scene change; but this is because there were whole stories told in the sets and the machinery, much of which is lost to the scholar today, who has little ability to reconstruct the stage scenery, and must rely on the libretti and the score† (Thornburn 183). Set design was crucial to the success of an opera. Part of the carnival atmosphere was seeing something extravagant and out of the ordinary. Venetian opera was the epitome of the kind of luxurious and complex entertainment.Theaters prided themselves and showed of how much money they had by buying costly machinery. One way to move the scenes, backdrops, and other stage devices was to cut holes in the floor and slide the set along the grooves for smooth scene transitions. Before this invention, the operas would u se dances to distract the audience from a scene change (Thornburn). The man who invented this idea was stage director, Giacomo Torelli: â€Å"he cut grooves all the way through the stage from the floor, and wings were mounted on little carriages that ran along the tracks located in the sub-stage area.Wings, back scenes, and borders were then operated by means of a winch system with counter weights. Thus, with the turning of a central drum beneath the stage, the entire scene changed almost instantaneously† (Thornburn 175). There was a large contrast from the way scenes were changed before Torelli’s invention. In the Cambridge Guide to Theatre it says that the scene changes were like â€Å"cinema dissolves† and unnecessary shifts between scenes were made for the delight of seeing it happen.Besides the stage machinery’s functional use, â€Å"in the same way the contemporary action films may have thin plots because the visual technology is so powerful, so th ese works must have overwhelmed to beauty of line in either the music or the poetry† (Thornburn 176). Starting in 1637 opera houses began to open as large scale venues. The four major theaters open in Venice were the San Cassiano, San Moise, San Salvatore, and Santi Giovanni e Paolo. Most of these opera houses seated anywhere from four to five hundred spectators.The Teatro Novissimo was â€Å"the shortest-lived and most influential theatre in the early years of Venetian commercial opera, opened for the carnival season of 1641† (Thorburn). The Novissimo presented operas from 1641 to 1645. There has been some debate as to when the theater actually stopped presenting operas. Cristoforo Ivanovich claims that there were operas going on until 1646, up until the day the theater was completely demolished. â€Å"In spite of its brief life†¦ the theater was atypical of opera theaters in Venice because it was intended for an audience that was entirely Venetian†(Thornbu rn 136).In a dissertation by Hugh Thornburn, he says that audience members who regularly attended the Novissimo were academic and aware of their intelligence, and they prided themselves in participating in the opera culture. However, they were not able to pay for their interest, hence the reason for the Teatro Novissimo closing. The Jesuit-driven ban on public theater was removed in 1607, so theatrical activity was increasing by the 1620s. By the 1630s the movement for more opera houses as a form of public entertainment was in full swing. The Venetian carnival season was the most important time of the year in Venice.Opera served as carnival entertainment, â€Å"a form of ribald and often satirical comedy performed during the annual season of festive license† (Muir 333). Spectacle was one attraction the opera house brought to the carnival season. However, there were social issues, involving mixed views on gender and how women fit into the role of opera libretti during the seve nteenth century. Once opera theater became accepted as a part the Venetian carnival season, Gianfrancesco Loredano founded the Accademia degli Incogniti in 1630. This association was made up of men who had liberal ideas, who were either rich aristocrats or scholars.The Accademia â€Å"on May 30, 1640 agreed to the concept of a communally owned theater created to express the aesthetics of the Accademia† (Thorburn 134). The Accademia was founded on the principles of a professor who taught at the University of Padua, Cesare Cremonini. Cremonini’s influence spread to his students who were in the Accademia degli Incogniti very powerfully. He taught in a way that adhered to Aristotle’s work and he paid little attention to â€Å"Christian theological precepts†, like the creation of the world and the immorality of the soul.He did not admit that he was a non-believer, but his â€Å"somewhat blasphemous views were well known to his Venetian admirers. The members o f the Incogniti expressed themselves through novella, poems, letters, and plays. Paolo Fabbri lays claim that the Incognito legacy used â€Å"eroticism and trasvestism in the operas†. The Incogniti used opera libretti and their writings as propaganda. The opera audiences were large, so the propaganda could reach many people who came to the carnival season. The Incogniti had a duel identity.First of all they were patriotic, since they were noble men and leaders of the Republic. In contrast, they also â€Å"emphasized a kind of libertismo, a moral freedom that was particularly skeptical of religious authority† (Heller 69). The members of this group had a very keen interest in defining the social structures that supported the stability of Venice; â€Å"a critical aspect of this social structure depended on the†¦position of women†: their suppression through marriage, while at the same time the â€Å"tolerance of a vibrant sex and pleasure industry†. 3] I ncogniti writings focused on women and their sexuality. They hypothesized â€Å"the female problem† which said that the fundamental problem of love and female morality was that it did not exist unless men were there to silence women and instruct them as how to love them. Cremonini taught that â€Å"friendship was something that could be shared by men of similar social and economic class; with women, the focus was on sexual relationships, and only rarely did male writers concern themselves with friendships between women† (Heller 75). The Incogniti wrote libretti that reflected these claims about women.For example, in Loredano’s play La forza d’amore it was clear that the general attitude towards women was negative and skeptical, much like the way the Incogniti viewed the Catholic Church. The Incogniti wrote about their admiration and physical desire for women, but also criticized the power women had to capture the hearts and souls of men. Conversely, there were women who spoke up against the Accademia. One of these women was Sister Arcangela Tarabotti. She wrote seven manuscripts defending female virtue and chastity, and exchanged letters with Loredano and other members of the Incogniti.She â€Å"exposed many complaints about the Venetian patriarchy and the social system whereby young women were forced to bury themselves in nunneries†(Heller 93). Consequently women were portrayed as venomous, unfaithful, and temptresses who couldn’t be trusted in the operas written by the Accademia degli Incogniti. During this time of Baroque opera, visual and aural spectacle were expected, and â€Å"emphasis on suspense and exaggeration was an ideal vehicle for the conveyance of cultural messages†(Heller 69). There was a demand for fresh works because the opera was the primary entertainment during the carnival season in Venice.Some common themes for these operas were: two pairs of lovers separated then united at the end; scenes of sleep, laments, nurses and pages who were comic roles; and a clear distinction between recitative and arias (Rosand 415). The genre of Venetian opera was successful because aristocrats in the Republican government were involved in the arts and put forth the money to run opera houses.

Young Goodman Brown: A Self-Portrait

Nathaniel Hawthorne was undeniably interested in the roles of his ancestors in the Salem Witch Trials.   Much of his literature combines the elements of Puritan thought with the deeper, often evil desires of the human psyche.   Young Goodman Brown’s nighttime journey in the story of the same name is an allegorical re-visitation to the madness of the Salem witch trials.   Through this story, Young Goodman Brown and his journey become universal symbols for all mankind.Hawthorne juxtaposed 19th Century religious thought with 16th Century Puritan thought in several of his works, including â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, whose title character represents, as his name implies, every man.   Ã‚  The religious thought of both the centuries in question operated on fear, which ultimately leads several individuals, under the guise of overcoming or even conquering their fears, into the world of evil.To Hawthorne, Salem was â€Å"the center of the witchcraft delusion, in the witc hing times of 1692, and it shows the populace of Salem Village, those chief in authority as well as obscure young citizens like Brown, enticed by fiendish shapes into the frightful solitude of superstitious fear† (Abel 133).     Brown, like all others of his village, is conflicted between accepting this fear and conquering it.   Unfortunately, for most, this battle has unhappy consequences.  Ã‚   Brown, as a representative for all people, is generally naà ¯ve and accepting, and thus ill-equipped to handle the terrifying night in the forest (Fogle 15).   After all, it is in the best interest of the Puritan religious leaders to keep people constrained under fear rather than behave after the realization that all people sin.Several symbols equate Brown’s journey to the journey of every individual who struggles with the conflict between religion and self.  Ã‚   The first is the forest, as a symbol for the dark and evil place where people are tempted to go. Brown , himself, is drawn into the forest, an archetype for evil and the unknown, for the reason presented above, as an attempt to overcome the fear brought on by religious dogma.   It is in the forest that he is exposed to his utmost fears and where he realizes the shortcoming of humanity.This realization begins with the temptation of man by the devil.   This devil â€Å"seeks to lure the still reluctant goodman to a witch-meeting.   In the process he progressively undermines the young man’s faith in the institutions and the men whom he has heretofore revered† (Fogle 17).   In doing this, Brown loses his ability to operate in the society of man and lives as a sadly disillusioned, miserable creature. According to Levy, he â€Å"is Everyman.   The bargain he has struck with Satan is the universal one . . . (117).  Ã‚   Thus, most people can relate to this type of demonic bargaining which has become a universal theme in literature.Anther symbol which connects Brow n to any human being is his stringent belief in another human being or institution – this time Faith, which represents both.   She is described as wearing a cap with pink ribbons, which suggest girlishness and naivetà ©. In this way, she is just like every woman Abel calls these ribbons â€Å"a badge of feminine innocence† (Abel 130).   However, when Brown finds the ribbon in the woods, separated from his Faith (and faith), the symbolic meaning of the ribbons changes.   Here, they signify a loss of innocence.   Fogle explains that the pink of the ribbons becomes deepened into the color of blood and fire which represents faith’s demonic baptism into sin (Fogle 24).  The tie of temptation and women hails back to the book of Genesis, and the realization of Faith’s supposed fall precipitates Brown’s loss.   Levy calls the ribbon â€Å"the tangible evidence of Faith’s desertion† (117) which parallels some defining moment in wh ich many people lose their faith.   This personalizes the loss for Brown, as it is for all people.As Brown traverses the forest, he encounters other individuals.   One, who looks strikingly like Brown, accompanies him for a while.   While the reader understands that this man must be one of Brown’s ancestors, Brown himself is blind to the similarities.   This man takes on the role of companion and implies to Brown that his own ancestors made a similar journey, which Brown also disregards. Their encounter with Goody Cloyse is symbolic for two reasons. First, the encounter has Biblical implications and second, it represents another moment if disillusionment for Brown.   The staff is mentioned several times in the Bible.   In one story Aaron throws his staff at the feet of the evil Pharoah and it turned into a serpent.   The serpent represents evil.   When the companion throws is staff at the feet of Goody Cloyse, it also turns into a serpent, indicating her evil nature as well (Hale, 17).This distresses Brown, who does not understand why his Sunday School teacher would be in the midst of the evil forest.   â€Å"That old woman taught me my catechism† (Hawthorne 303). The catechism was really the only source of literature about pious living other than the Bible.   Brown probably learned all about the sins of the flesh from Goody Cloyse and ironically, she is here in the forest of evil.   Brown continues to encounter other religious officials in the forest which parallels the astonishment and sadness of any person who discovers a religious icon has behaved in a hypocritical manner.Ultimately, Brown loses his internal battle.   The realization that everyone he had revered was not what he had imagined them to be forces him to give in to the evil of the forest wholeheartedly.   He screams out, â€Å"Come witch, come wizard, come Indian powwow, come devil himself!   And here comes Goodman Brown.   You may as well fear him as he fear you!† (Hawthorne 306).   Of course, the story ends with ambiguity.   Did Brown really witness a devilish marriage?   Did Faith really submit to the altar of the devil?   The reader and Brown never really know the answer to these questions.Once Brown awakens, all evidence is gone.   He returns to his Faith, his elders and his life.   Faith is once again adorned in her pink ribbons, which â€Å"†¦ suggest, rather than symbolize something light and playful, consistent with her anxious simplicity at the beginning and the joyful, almost childish eagerness with which she greets Brown at the end† (Levy 124).   Brown’s journey has come full circle.   Unfortunately, the reality does not matter as much as Brown’s interpretation of the events that may or may not have been a dream.   He is unable to reconcile his original conceptions of the people in his life (or himself) with what he experienced on his journey.  Ã‚   Though his life with Faith continues, â€Å"†¦ his dying hour was gloom† (Hawthorne 310).Clearly, this parallels with the experiences of mankind.   Disillusionment is prevalent, and it can cause misery, sin and even death.   Loss of faith in an individual or in an institution is devastating.   Many times this loss marks the person for life, preventing them from enjoying what life has to offer.   Acceptance of sin and corruption is very hard to take, especially of a loved one or a firmly held belief.Hawthorne clearly adopted the idea that â€Å"unlovely demons were everywhere, in the sunshine as well as in the darkness, and that they were hidden in men’s hearts and stole into their most secret thoughts† (Abel 133). Young Goodman Brown is indicative of every good man’s battle with such demons.   As the story implies, this battle is more often lost than won, but most people are able to continue living their lives in spite of this acquiescence to evil.   Som e, though, such as Goodman Brown, are not able to do so.   According to Abel, â€Å"such a battle often led to an inner despair.   They were constantly tormented because of the possible convictions and judgments of their peers.   This battle intrigued Hawthorne and he sought out its presence in Puritan literature† (133).     Ã¢â‚¬Å"Young Goodman Brown† is the story of all people’s inner battles.   Some win; some lose.Works CitedAbel, Darrel.   The Moral Picturesque:   Studies in Hawthorne’s Fiction.   Indiana:   Purdue UP,1988.Fogle, Richard Harter.   Hawthorne’s Fiction:   The Light and the Dark.   Norman:   U ofOklahoma P, 1952Hale, John K.   â€Å"The Serpentine Staff in ‘Young Goodman Brown.’†Ã‚   Nathaniel   HawthorneReview   19   (Fall 1993):   17-18.Hawthorne,   Nathaniel.   â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.†Ã‚   Perrine’s Literature:   Structure Sound and   Ã‚   Sense.à ‚   9th Ed. Arp and Johnson Eds. Boston:   Thomson, 2006Levy, Leo B.   â€Å"The Problem of Faith in ‘Young Goodman Brown.’† Modern Critcial   Views:Nathaniel Hawthorne.   Ed. Harold Bloom.   New York:   Chelsea House, 1986.   115-126.

Fifth business by Robertson Davies Essays

Fifth business by Robertson Davies Essays Fifth business by Robertson Davies Paper Fifth business by Robertson Davies Paper In a way he is imprisoning himself with Boys affairs yet Boy doesnt seem to mind at all. The narrator has nothing and nobody in his life and the only thing he relates to are Boys affairs and he explains everything Boy does against Leola that Boy truly loves her and that all the other girls mean nothing. Then in the final paragraphs the narrator remembers Hahn 4 his past experiences with the physical act of love and how much pleasure it provided him. Now it annoyed [him] that Boy had her, although he doesnt want her but he wants to simply find someone to love his disfigured body. The narrator believed that Leola really loved him but that Boy made her believe differently. With this fact in the back of his had he was sour about the whole business although he didnt even want her back. The last paragraph talks about the narrator wanting what he had last when Diana left him since he often yearned for her. The relationship between Leola and Boy has revoked the inner feelings in the narrators heart, causing him to want somebody to love and simply become a normal human being again; accepting who he was and what has happened to him. : In the middle of this passage the narrator describes Leola staying an engaged girl and about Boys weekly visits to do some heavy petting with Leola. It also talks about Boys experience with gay girls who were experts in French kisses. This part of the passage as explained very thoroughly. Foreshadowing, which is present in this section. The narrator talks about this so in detail because later on in the passage he mentions that Leola had once thought she loved him, meaning the narrator could be the lucky man not Boy. It also foreshadows that the narrator wants to find some other girl like Leola, so he can share with her what he had with Diana. This extract ends with an allegory, the narrator realizes that what Boy has he doesnt really want but he wants a girl to love and that loves him. He knew Diana would try to make him something he was not but that did not stop [him], often and painfully, Hahn 5 from wanting her. He rejects the fact that he wants what Boy has all along yet what he really wants is a girl like Leola or Diana. This passage can be very deceiving at first sight, it seems as if it is about the narrator having a struggle between himself and comparing himself to Boy who seems to have everything but he doesnt want any of it. Yet underneath all this allusion it can be observed that the narrator really wants a girl and someone to love him. He also doesnt think Boy has earned everything he has since he hasnt been disfigured like the narrator has. I think this is a very powerful passage, of course I cant relate to it since I dont know how it feels to be so disfigured. Yet I do know how it feels to love someone and be with him or her all the time and then all of a sudden lose them. This was the worst feeling I have ever had, and that feeling combined with a disfigured body must be terrifying. Also seeing Boy who hasnt been injured in the war and has a woman like the narrator wants, using her simply as an object of lust. I believe the narrator couldnt experience more pain at moment. He has experienced pain, jealousy and envy as thoroughly as anyone will ever experience these feelings.

3 Reasons NOT to copy your Resume Summary into your LinkedIn Summary Section!

3 Reasons NOT to copy your Resume Summary into your LinkedIn Summary Section! Many people on LinkedIn make the mistake of copying their resume summary statements into their LinkedIn Summary section.   There are three major problems with this strategy: Problem #1: Trite Phrases Often your resume summary is laden with overused phrases like â€Å"Results-oriented team player with a proven track record†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"Dynamic, motivated self-starter with extensive experience†¦Ã¢â‚¬  If your resume summary looks anything like the above examples, please rewrite it and hire a professional resume writer if necessary!   This type of language belongs neither on your resume nor in your LinkedIn profile. Problem #2: LinkedIn Summary Real Estate You have 2000 characters at your disposal for a LinkedIn Summary, vs. three to four lines maximum for your resume summary.   Why would you choose not to use all that real estate to say something – really say something – about yourself? Problem #3: Keywords Your LinkedIn Summary is an essential place for you to insert keywords if you want to be found on LinkedIn.   By inserting a 3-line summary, you lose out on your chance to build keywords into your profile. Resume Summary Example For Resumes Only Here’s an example of a very strong resume summary statement that does NOT belong in a LinkedIn Summary (note I DO like this statement as a resume summary statement – in fact I wrote it!): LeeAnn Dance Producer    Writer Editor Award-winning television producer and groundbreaking investigative reporter -    experience covering issues ranging from pre-election to international news, with special emphasis on East Africa.   Creator and writer of highly acclaimed documentaries and promotional videos for non-profit organizations. Eight years as producer for CNN. LinkedIn Summary Example Great Model! What would a LinkedIn Summary look like for LeaAnn?   Here is the statement we wrote for her: Award-winning investigative and documentary television producer Video production and broadcast journalism have been my passions for over 20 years, ever since receiving my MS in Journalism from Columbia University. I have produced everything from groundbreaking news stories for CNN to promotional videos for non-profit organizations, and I am currently hosting a blog radio show for parents relaunching their careers. My journalism background gave me the ability to distill a large amount of material and hone in on what’s true and important. I can pinpoint the real message that needs to be conveyed, creating a human story that moves and inspires an audience. Promotional Videos for Non-Profit Organizations As a freelance video producer, I specialize in creating high caliber, professional and creative promotional videos for non-profit and educational organizations. I understand the budgetary constraints of non-profit organizations and will work within a range of budgets and scope of work. Funders respond to high quality video presentations that effectively convey your organization’s message. I will take your message, target it, and transform it into a concise and meaningful array of pictures, words, and sounds. You will then have the power of an impactful video to present your organization’s activities at fundraising events and through the web. Back in Force In addition to being a video producer, I was a stay-at-home mom for 13 years, and I am committed to providing resources to women who are returning to the workforce. The Back in Force blog chronicles my journey and shares information about the return-to-work process. Blog topics include emotional roadblocks to relaunching, preparing your resume, updating your wardrobe, and preparing your family for re-entry. Check out my weekly blog talk radio show on relaunching your career, with guests including authors, career counselors, therapists, and employers. (www.blogtalkradio.com/backinforce) What works about this LinkedIn Summary Example? Conveys LeeAnn’s story and her passion (the resume summary does not). Contains multiple keywords that will get LeeAnn found on LinkedIn. Covers the different facets of what LeeAnn has to offer. Draws the eye to sub-headings so that readers can easily see what LeeAnn is about.   The text is broken into bite-sized pieces, not so blocky that no one will read it. Has a call to action. Note that the resume summary does NONE of these five things, even though it is perfectly great as a resume summary. Can you write a LinkedIn Summary Statement for yourself that accomplishes at least four out of the five functions listed above?   If yes, great go for it!   If you need help, consider contacting The Essay Expert for a free 15- minute consultation.   We will be happy to write you a LinkedIn Summary that will help you get found on LinkedIn and have the impact you want on the people who read your profile.

Trends changing how companies hire in 2018 and beyond -TheJobNetwork

Trends changing how companies hire in 2018 and beyond -TheJobNetwork The HR world has certainly changed over the past decade- after all, when was the last time you saw a resume or cover letter on thick, expensive paper that came via snail mail? (Or if it was recently, it was probably a rare sighting.) Like every other field, HR is susceptible to changes and trends. Some aren’t built to last (remember the video resume trend for a minute?), but others are geared toward making your job easier in the long term.Better interviews = better hiresIt’s possible that nothing will ever truly replace the good old â€Å"gut feeling† you get when you meet with a candidate. But as a rule, making the interview process more inclusive, less biased, and less time-consuming is a huge plus. Traditional interviews aren’t going anywhere, but they’re getting a bit of polishing this year and beyond. Having someone sit across from you and tell you what they know you want to hear isn’t always the most effective use of your hiring time. I f you’re looking to streamline or equalize the interview itself, there are HR software programs that essentially craft your interview script, standardizing interviews across a pool of candidates. (This has the added bonus of helping to eliminate personal bias or individual quirks if there are multiple interviewers.)Online skill assessments, designed to gauge a candidate’s soft skills, give you more data before a candidate ever walks through your doors in their best interview suit. Gaps and strengths are more apparent up front, allowing you to be more selective about who makes it to the next round, and bring in stronger candidates up front.â€Å"Job auditions† are also hot right now. These are less â€Å"tell me your five-year plan† interviews and more â€Å"show me how you’d do the job† interviews. This takes away some of the guesswork about how a candidate would likely perform the job. Nerves and novelty won’t always show you 100% of what a candidate’s potential is, but it gives you a chance to see how he or she thinks, whether the candidate can apply past experience and skills, etc.Prioritizing diversityDiversity is a priority in just about every industry right now, and for good reason. Lack of diversity is becoming a significant liability and can lead to issues with an ever-more-diverse public. Companies that don’t actively seek diversity in their hiring are likely to find themselves at a significant disadvantage as talent pools shrink. According to LinkedIn surveys, diversity is the top hiring trend for 78% of hiring managers.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Still, for all its trendiness, truly diverse hiring continues to be a challenge. Many companies are tackling this by branching out in their talent sourcing and using non-traditional recruitment methods (or venues) to find hot new talent.Bingeing on Big DataMetrics, metrics, metrics. With the increased use of hiring databases and HR software platforms capable of collecting information on employees from application to retirement, there’s no shortage of information that companies can use. The challenge here is using it in a smart, speedy way that allows for real-time employee engagement and development to help ensure that great hires stay great employees. According to LinkedIn’s annual global recruiting trends report, more than half of HR professionals say that employee retention is the most valuable use of employee data.The heart of this data trend is using the information to make hiring predictions, not just hiring decisions. HR departments are really starting to harness the power of this data by using increasingly sophisticated AI and automation platforms to create predictive models based on a candidate’s information, compared to information about past hires and current employees.The most important takeaway from this year’s hot trends in hiring is that com panies are moving toward a more efficient, better-rounded talent pool, with concrete data that can be offered up to support those gut decisions. This year, it’s all about streamlining and maximizing the resources we already have in place- not necessarily replacing them.

Global Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Global Business - Essay Example three countries have been considered from which Elecdyne can choose, along with a comparative analysis of the countries and Japan through a combined SWOT and PEST analysis. Some of the most important factors that Elecdyne should consider are cost minimization and profit maximization with respect to internationalization in a country leading to improvement in profits and sales revenue (Hurn, 2009). The other factors include access to technology and availability of technological expertise in a particular country. Elecdyne also must take into account the access to new markets through internationalization as well as evaluate size of target markets before selecting a country. Besides these, political and economic factors are also very important as Elecdyne should not be taking too many risks. The culture-fit factor, which is one of the most essential factors to be considered, estimates the amount of organizational conflict can arise due to difference in Japanese culture and that of the hos t nation. The target markets for Elecdyne are developed and developing markets, which have considerable demand for quality electronics goods. Since Elecdyne uses original licenses from MNCs, products offered are not too cheap. So, Elecdyne targets the middle and higher income group of people. The current shopping trends with improvement in economy of developing countries and rising demand for Japanese goods, which are known for their high quality standards, is an advantage for growth of Elecdyne in foreign markets. Since most of Elecdyne licenses are taken from MNCs, the technology employed is always high-end. The availability of research graduates in developing countries at lower wages rates than Japan is a major plus point, which will help Elecdyne to improve its technological capabilities. The general economic trends are not very encouraging as the world economy recovers from a recession; but, many governments are giving tax rebates and reducing duties in a bid to attract new

Does Chinese Investment Really Benefit Africa Essay

Does Chinese Investment Really Benefit Africa - Essay Example In terms of business, the aspect of investment signifies the acquisition of any physical product and/or services which is duly purchased by the producers expecting a considerable enhancement in their future business operations (Myles, 2003). The importance of the aspect of investment is immense for every business organisation. The proper and adequate investment eventually raises the wealth and widens the financial freedom of the business organisations. The idea of investment generally fulfils the personal goals of the investors and also increases the social responsibility towards employees’ family members as well as the community (Myles, 2003). This particular paper broadly aims towards establishing whether the Chinese investments made especially in African continent can be regarded as beneficial. In this connection, various aspects that include the overall investment scenario made by China particularly in Africa along with critical evaluation of Chinese investments in Africa will be presented throughout the discussion. A Brief Overview of the Chinese Investments in Africa The African continent is recognised to be a significant emerging player, especially in the global market. It is also viewed as the most prominent destination for making investments followed by other countries that include China as well as India globally. This is owing to the fact that the establishment of modern technologies along with raising revenues especially from the few of the commodities that include oil and other valuable products in Africa which eventually boosted the financial development along with the advancement of the country. Due to these significant reasons, Africa is emerging as a great investment destination for several nations similar to China. Particularly, the western part of Africa is observed as one of the rapidly growing destinations in terms of investments, especially in the mining segment (Deming, 2010). In this connection, China continuously is forming up bet ter as well as enhanced financial relations with Africa by taking into consideration the emerging worldwide scenario of the African business market. It has further been observed that the African continent is very rich in terms of natural resources that might boost the economy of China to a large extent. However, the country is observed to lack superior infrastructure as well as technology. Thus, the requirement of superior infrastructure as well as technology in Africa include telecommunication systems, roads, computer network systems and power generation among others eventually broadened various opportunities for the Chinese industries or companies to make investments in the African continent (Deming, 2010). It has been apparent that between the year 2007 and 2008, the business trade value between China and Africa was raised by 45 percent. During that year, the total business dealings between the two nations were estimated to be approximately $106 billion (Deming, 2010). However, d ue to the emergence of worldwide financial crisis, a few of the developed Western countries had decided to reduce the volume of investments particularly in Africa. On the other hand, China viewed this particular fact as a business opportunity with the intention of expanding its market share in Africa. It has also been observed tha

The Transformation Change in British Airways Case Study

The Transformation Change in British Airways - Case Study Example Divisional al differences were very evident taking into consideration that there were two chairmen, different set of executives, and detached marketing strategies.  Divisional differences were very evident taking into consideration that there were two chairmen, different set of executives, and detached marketing strategies.   2. These were the issues faced by BA in order to survive and to be a competitive player in the airline industry.   In terms of the change order, it can be inferred that the second-order change was implemented as evidenced by their significant reengineering of business focus and strategic direction. Previously, BA was very product-oriented and their main concern was â€Å"flying the British flag†. Their initiative was more on engineering,  and increasing plane routes in Europe. They forgot the critical importance of customers in the equation hence customer dissatisfaction became synonymous with the name BA. In contrast, the new direction taken by L ord John King and Mr. Collin Marshall gave more emphasis on the human aspect of business embodied in the universal term called customer service and satisfaction. These efforts fundamentally altered the way of thinking and doing business in BA.   3. Culture and people played the major levers used to effect the new direction. On the side, systems lever was also re-engineered to put more emphasis on service marketing and reward systems. The important first step was to break the previous product-oriented culture and to infuse the value of customer service as the new way of doing business. Several programs were implemented and very notable was PPF or Putting People First wherein employees were trained to gauge customer service in different perspectives and different settings. This helped employees to be emphatic in implementing the customer service efforts initiated by BA. As an offshoot of this program, several agenda like MPF (Managing People First), A Day in the Life, Brainwaves, To Be the Best, and Awards for Excellence were introduced with the objective of enforcing the significance of customer satisfaction and rewarding those who implement the programs religiously.

Case study draper Manufacturing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Draper Manufacturing - Case Study Example Additionally, the company does not enjoy financial stability and growth, but is facing some serious financial, economic and environmental challenges. On the economic front, the increase in the oil price passing the point of $60 per barrel negatively impacts over the cost of the company as the petroleum is a basic raw material component for mattress. Second, the Gulf hurricanes severely damage the TDI, the chemical consumed to develop polyurethane foam. In addition, the Draper manufacturing also faces some competitive challenges from the competitors. In the recent times, there has been growing tendency to import low priced Asian products, which bring more challenges for the company. Workforce diversity is going to be there, and it cannot be termed as a problem for the growth of the company. In conclusion, the Draper manufacturing faces business challenges rather workforce diversity

Comparison a work of art Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comparison a work of art - Term Paper Example Though the place portrayed is in shadow, it is not dark, on the contrary, it is light enough to see elegant detail, and it is the sunlight splashing on the water outside of the secluded shadow that is overly bright and impossible to make out. This all combines to show a place in nature as protective, walling you in, making you feel comfortable, and safe from the outside world. The second painting has nearly the opposite effect. The painting, rather than being in the position of someone who is in a secluded, shaded space, takes the perspective of one out in the beating sun. Here extremely bright light is shown to be the norm, with everything in the bright sun being visible and detailed, and things in the shadows being somewhat less. The ratio of shadow to sun is also inverted, as this painting portrays a miniscule amount of seclusion and protection in an open sea of defenselessness. The trees being the only point of shade of shelter in the entire field of view gives the viewer the impression that they are in an unimaginably vast place, and completely exposed. These two paintings both use light and shadow to give sense of protection or exposure, respectively, and in doing so give two completely different interpretations of nature, one as a secluded place that protects from the outside world, and the second that shows how exposed and vulnerable one can be in

Costing a shoe selling business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Costing a shoe selling business - Case Study Example Profit 3,600 pounds Break Even Analysis: The break even analysis is performed on the basis of assessment of costs based upon the number of units that are expected to be sold.(www.connection.cwru.edu). Similarly, the total sales revenues are also computed on the basis of anticipated units that are expected to be sold each month. The variable costs per unit is 77.84 pounds and the number of units expected to be sold is roughly assessed as in the range of 50 to 70 pairs of shoes a month. The average unit sale price for each show is taken as $121.42. The Break even analysis table is shown below: BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS TIME PERIOD TOTAL FIXED COSTS TOTAL VARIABLE COSTS TOTAL SALES REVENUES 2 months $5,500 $8,096 $6,313.84 4 months $5,500 $6,227 $9,713.60 6 months $5,500 $6,616 $10,320.70 8 months $5,500 $9,341 $14,570.71 10 months $5,500 $8,562 $13,356.20 12 months $5,500 $10,586.24 $16,513.12 18 months $5,500 $9,496.48 $14,793.18 24 months $5,500 $10,117.90 $15,784.60 30 months $5,500 $10,584.88 $16,513.12 36 months $5,500 $11,052 $17,241.64 Hence, from the table, it may be noted that the break even point is reached after ten months from the time the business begins operating. This is the time when the profits in the amount of $13,356.20 exceed the sum of the fixed and variable costs ($5500 +$8562 = $14,062). Hence this is the point where the business has first begun to show profits in that the revenue from sales is greater than the total expenses on fixed and variable costs. At this point, 110 units of shoes have been sold in a two month period, which brings it to an average of 55 pairs of shoes sold per month. Margin of Safety: The margin of safety is used to calculate how much the level of sales can...Similarly, the total sales revenues are also computed on the basis of anticipated units that are expected to be sold each month. The variable costs per unit is 77.84 pounds and the number of units expected to be sold is roughly assessed as in the range of 50 to 70 pairs of shoes a month. The average unit sale price for each show is taken as $121.42. Hence, from the table, it may be noted that the break even point is reached after ten months from the time the business begins operating. This is the time when the profits in the amount of $13,356.20 exceed the sum of the fixed and variable costs ($5500 +$8562 = $14,062). Hence this is the point where the business has first begun to show profits in that the revenue from sales is greater than the total expenses on fixed and variable costs. At this point, 110 units of shoes have been sold in a two month period, which brings it to an average of 55 pairs of shoes sold per month. Margin of safety = Expected Sales level - Break even sales level. The break even sales level that has been established by the above table is 55 pairs of shoes per month. Therefore, if the expected sales per month is 70 pairs of shoes, the sales figures can fall even up to 55 pairs of shoes and the business will break even. However if the volume of shoes sold should fall below 55 pairs, then it is likely that the business will experience a loss. Since the s

Comparison a work of art Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comparison a work of art - Term Paper Example Though the place portrayed is in shadow, it is not dark, on the contrary, it is light enough to see elegant detail, and it is the sunlight splashing on the water outside of the secluded shadow that is overly bright and impossible to make out. This all combines to show a place in nature as protective, walling you in, making you feel comfortable, and safe from the outside world. The second painting has nearly the opposite effect. The painting, rather than being in the position of someone who is in a secluded, shaded space, takes the perspective of one out in the beating sun. Here extremely bright light is shown to be the norm, with everything in the bright sun being visible and detailed, and things in the shadows being somewhat less. The ratio of shadow to sun is also inverted, as this painting portrays a miniscule amount of seclusion and protection in an open sea of defenselessness. The trees being the only point of shade of shelter in the entire field of view gives the viewer the impression that they are in an unimaginably vast place, and completely exposed. These two paintings both use light and shadow to give sense of protection or exposure, respectively, and in doing so give two completely different interpretations of nature, one as a secluded place that protects from the outside world, and the second that shows how exposed and vulnerable one can be in

Stylistic - the Bluest Eye Essay Example for Free

Stylistic the Bluest Eye Essay In the passage from The Bluest Eye, written by Toni Morrison, the author writes about difficult challenges that not only the young girls in the book have to face but everyone of that time has to endure. Taking place in the 1940’s the author uses many stylistic devices to demonstrate life at the time, such as The Great Depression, and the realization young girls grow up to find. The early 1940s brought about the end of The Great Depression leaving the country in economic turmoil. Growing up in this time could not have been easy families were split apart in search for jobs, and nothing would grow on the dry grounds. In the passage Claudia reflects over a time in the life when she remembers nothing would grew and having to face difficult challenge of growing up. The passage starts with Claudia saying â€Å"there were no marigolds in the fall of 1941† an allusion to the ending of The Great Depression, a time of economic hardship, started by the stalk market crash and the lack of crop yielded. Claudia reflects back now understanding what was happening saying â€Å"our seeds were not the only ones that did not sprout†. Claudia continues on admitting â€Å" but so deeply concerned we were with the health and safety of Pecola’s baby†; explaining that Claudia and her sister planted marigold, thinking that if they sprouted it would bring about the safe and healthy delivery of Pecolas baby. The author uses a popular quilocial symbolism of the south at the time to convey the â€Å"magic† Claudia and her sister are attempting to bring about; â€Å"we could think nothing but of our own magic; if we planted the right seed and said the right words, everything would be alright. It was common in the south at the time for the blooming of marigolds to represent life, the author uses this quiloquial symbolism to make the reader understand the â€Å"magic† the young girls thought they possessed. In the last part of the passage the author uses a smilie to convey Claudias now mature vision of what happened. Claudia says â€Å"we had dropped our seeds in our little plot of black dirt like Pecolas’ father had dropped his seeds in his own plot of black dirt†. This simile conveys that Claudia now understands that Pecola’s father impregnated his daughter, comparing it to her planting the marigolds. In the next line the author uses a sharp juxtaposition comparing the girls innocence and Pecola’s fathers lust, many people after the Depression were left distraught facing mental illness; Pecola’s Father is a presentation of the unstable mental state of many people at the end of the 1940’s. Claudia realized that not everything in life was magical and would always be ok, he innocence was lost with this realization, like many young girls coming to terms with this same realization, many of whom had never faced economic hardship. Claudia reflects for the last time saying her innocence was lost and all that was left was the â€Å"unyielding earth†. Like many girls her age she realizes in the end that not all people are good, and things are not always going to be ok, this loss of innocence helped her to grow and mature. Following The Great Depression the country lay in an economic reaction that brought about despair and loss of hope for many people. This despair made many people mentally unstable, up until then many young girls had not had the chance to experience this type of hardship, like Claudia the were forced to grow up in order to survive. Claudias story is a representation of the struggles a young girl faced growing up in the 1940’s. It was a time when childhood fairytales were exposed leaving the whole country feeling as if they had lost some of there innocence as well. The earth did not produced as it always had throwing the delicate stock market out of balance, no marigolds bloomed for america in the 1940’s.

Improving Concordance to Smoking Cessation Treatment

Improving Concordance to Smoking Cessation Treatment National Institute of Clinical Excellence (2009) identified that medicine taking is a complex human behaviour that lies ultimately, in the hands of the patient. NICE (2009) estimates that between a third and a half of all medicines prescribed are not taken as recommended and Dunbar-Jacob et al (1995) evaluates that up to 80 per cent of patients can be expected not to comply with their treatment at some time. Shuttleworth (2006) noticed that health professionals use two terms to describe the medicine taking behaviour of patients: compliance and respectively adherence. Compliance represents the extent to which a persons behaviour coincides with the medical advice, for example patients to do as they are told (Haynes et al, 1979) while adherence is the capacity of the patient to self-regulate his or her treatment, for example his or her ability to re-fill prescriptions (Brock, 2000). Medicines Partnership (2003) argue that in both compliance and adherence patients have a passive role, with no implication in their care and therefore concordance is needed to correct issues of non-compliance and non-adherence. Concordance advocates the idea of shared decision-making between health professionals and patients and it requires health professionals to engage with patients as partners, taking into account their beliefs and concerns (Medicines Partnership, 2003). NICE (2009) insists that the biggest challenge of the research of concordance is how to influence and change behaviour and this is where health psychology comes in. According to Marks and Evans (2005) health psychology attempts to move away from a linear model of health that treats only the physical, to a model that treats the whole person including his or her behaviour. In this essay the author will critically discuss how knowledge of health psychology can help nurses improve concordance with treatment in smoking cessation treatment. The idea promoted is that smoking is a behaviour influenced by the patients beliefs; the nurse will explore the patients beliefs on smoking and will help the patient to make an informed decision regarding her treatment. Patient X will be used as an example to observe behaviour change. The Stages of Change Model and other theories from health psychology will also be discussed. Discussion: Health Development Agency (2004) estimates that smoking is the greatest single cause of preventable illness and premature death in the UK, being responsible for more than 106,500 deaths each year. Approximately 4000 chemical compounds have been identified in the cigarette smoke, of which 40 are known to cause cancer (McEwen et al, 2006). Among these compounds tar was linked to cancer, lung disease and heart disease; carbon monoxide (CO) was also identified as an inevitable consequence of the combustion that takes place while smoking (Tyler, 1995); furthermore, nicotine was found in cigarettes, however nicotine is not connected to cancer but with the addiction process. According to the RCPÂ  [1]Â  (2000) nicotine meets all criteria used to define a drug of dependence and Wilkinson et al (2004) reasons that this makes smoking not a habit but an addiction. In the light of these, nurses face a real challenge when trying to improve patients concordance with smoking cessation treatment. However, NIHÂ  [2]Â  (2008) urges that most patients are ready to hear and receive help from nurses as the patients willpower alone has been shown to succeed in only 3 per cent cases of smoking cessation (McNeill et al, 2001). The following scenario will be used to exemplify a nurses action and use of health psychology knowledge in helping improve a patients concordance with smoking cessation treatment: Patient X is a bank manager. She has been a smoker for ten years. She is married and has one child age 5. She doesnt want to stop smoking because smoking calms her nerves, because it is not a good time and because she is afraid of withdrawal symptoms and gaining weight. The nurse will use the Transtheoretical Stages of Change Model to assess patients X motivation. The model was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in 1982 to examine the five stages of change in addictive behaviours. According to Odgen (2009) the model is dynamic, not linear, with individuals moving backwards and forwards across the stages. The first stage of the model is Pre-contemplation. Patient X was identified as being in this stage because she is not interested in quitting. McGough (2004) points out that sometimes beliefs are used to sustain unhealthy behaviours, for example cigarettes calm my nerves, as patient X claims. To address such health beliefs and her resistance to change, the nurse will use a consciousness raising exercise, respectively she will address patient X reasons for not quitting and give counterpoints to refute these reasons (Perkins, Conklin and Levine, 2007; Kaufman and Birks, 2009). For example, patient X states that it is not the right time; the nurse can address this by saying, Im concerned about your health and I would like you to consider quitting. I know its going to be difficult because it will interfere with life responsibilities however, the perfect time to quit may never come therefore this moment is as good to quit as any (Perkins, Conklin and Levine, 2007; Hollis et al, 2003; Rana and Upton, 2009). TMAÂ  [3]Â  (2008) suggests that such message can prove more effective than a lecture about the lung cancer however the nurse can have a stop smoking handout to give to the patient as well. This interaction with the patient must be kept as patient-centred as possible to improve concordance with treatment (Walker, J et al, 2007). Balint et al (1970) as cited in Rena and Upton (2009) suggest that being patient-centred should involve the asking and receiving of questions and information which result in patients understanding of the health information and the treatment proposed. An accurate assessment of patient X within this stage will generate a strong treatment plan, therefore improved concordance (Straub, 2006; Brock, 2000). Furthermore, the nurse will convey warmth, understanding, acceptance and respect for the patient; this will help develop a fundamental nurse-patient relationship that is seen as a contributing factor to the patients concordance with the treatment regimen (Rana and Upton, 2006; Donohue and Levensky, 2006). By learning that smoking is not good for her health patient X will move to the second stage of the Stages of Change Model called Contemplation. The patient is now aware of the health risks that smoking entails and contemplates the idea of quitting (Perkins, Conklin and Levine, 2007). At this stage motivational interviewing can be used by the nurse to allow the patient to discover her own internal motivating factors in the favour of quitting; examples of factors can be: my five year old child will grow in a smoke free environment or I will have less changes of getting cancer (Ogden, 2009; NIHÂ  [4]Â  , 2009). Furthermore, the nurse can suggest that patient X writes down as a reminder I lose these benefits every day that I do not quit smoking (Connors, Donovan and DiClemente, 2004). Moreover, the nurse can help patient X identify the pros and cons of smoking cessation treatment (Hollis et al, 2003). According to the Health Belief Model (HBM) (Rosentock, 1974 as cited in Rana and Upton, 2009) by weighing the pros and cons of treatment, people arrive at a decision of whether the perceived benefits (e.g. NRTÂ  [5]Â  ) outweighs the perceived barriers (e.g. being afraid of the side effects of NRT). Moreover, patient X is concerned that she may gain weight upon quitting. By still using the HBM the nurse can help the patient decide whether the perceived benefits of quitting (e.g. improved health) outweighs the perceived barriers (e.g. gaining weight) (Perkins, Conklin and Levine 2007). The HBM is a social cognition model that has been applied to understand adherence behaviour in patients. This model suggests that the likelihood that someone will engage in a given health behaviour (e.g. adherence) is a result of four functions: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and cues to action (Rena and Upton, 2009). In an argument against HBMs application to smoking cessation, Robinson and Beridge (2003) state that weighing pros and cons of smoking cessation treatment is not a reliable approach because the smoking behaviour is underlined by addiction, so that it operates outside conscious awareness and it does not follow decision-making rules. Perkins, Conklin and Levine (2007) agree that the motivational intervention used in the contemplation stage may push the person into the third stage of the Stages of Change model, called Preparation. The patient is now determined to make a change. Both the nurse and patient X will share a decision making over preparation strategies; the outcome of this partnership will be a patient-centred, tailored plan that will improve adherence. For example, a nicotine patch may indeed help patient X to quit smoking, but a patient Z who not only has nicotine patches but also told his family and colleagues (especially those who smoke) about his quit attempt and ask for their support, is likely to be more successful than someone who relies on nicotine patches and willpower alone because social support enhances the likelihood of adherence (TMA, 2009; McEwen et al, 2006; Medicines Partnership, 2003). Furthermore, patient X will be encouraged to set a quit date. The chosen date should be of significance for the patient so she can feel motivated to adhere to the treatment (Gross and Kinnision, 2007). Moreover, the nurse may suggest behavioural changes such as clearing the house of all cigarettes and lighters (Marinker and Shaw, 2003). Patient X will also be educated to recognize withdrawal symptoms and will be given tips on how to resist cravings (e.g. keep busy, eat fruits, sip water, call a helping friend); patient X will be re-assured that withdrawal symptoms last 2-4 weeks and reduce gradually; also, the nurse must introduce patient X to medication that can help reduce the severity of the withdrawal discomfort, such as NRT and Bupropion (McEwen et al, 2000). According to NICE (2009) the information about medication should be written to serve as a reminder at any stage of the treatment. Moreover, the patient will be shown how to use nicotine patches and gums because in this stage specific skills rather than motivation alone are needed to facilitate concordance with treatment (Gross and Kinnison, 2007; Thomason, Parahoo and Blair, 2007). Furthermore, the nurse will answer any questions that the patient may have regarding medication. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society (1997) as cited in Rana and Upton (2009) suggests that how individuals perceive and think about medication (medication belief) is important when considering treatment adherence, therefore the nurse should be aware of patients X medication beliefs if she wants to break the barrier of non-adherence to treatment. Patient X is now considered ready to move into the penultimate stage of the Stages of Change Model called Action. At this stage, the nurse must provide on-going support to prevent the patients relapse. The nurse is encouraged to be honest with patient X about the likelihood of reverting to the old behaviour once the change process has started, not because the nurse expects patient X to fail, but because it normalizes the experience and takes away some of sense of failure and shame (Singer, 2009). The nurse will also monitor patient Xs CO and saliva cotinine to confirm abstinence and boost motivation (Haskard-Zolnierek and DiMatteo, 2010). According to the Foundation for Blood research (2010) many patients may not be truthful when answering questions about their smoking behaviour, therefore tests such as measuring the amount of nicotine in saliva and the amount of carbon monoxide levels in the patients expired air can be useful to compare self-reported smoking behaviour against real measurements. In an argument against this, Riemsma et al (2003) state that there is no evidence that moving an individual closer to the action stage actually results in a sustained change of behaviour at a later date. After approximately six months in the action stage patient X will move to the last stage of the Stages of change model, the maintenance stage. The nurse will praise the patient for the efforts made to change the unhealthy behaviour into a healthy one. This will make the patient feel self-efficient and have confidence to maintain the behavioural changes done in the quitting process (Odgen, 2009; NIH 2009). Self-efficacy is a term introduced by Bandura (1997) as a cognitive mechanism underlying behavioural change. According to this theory, efficacy determines whether coping behaviour is initiated and maintained when faced with obstacles (e.g. nicotine cravings) (DiClemente, 1981). Furthermore, the nurse can also write down essential tips to help patient X maintain concordance with treatment, such as do something else instead of smoking, keep yourself busy, avoid tempting situations and stick with your effort to quit, you can do it (Johnson et al, 1999; NIH, 2009). Conclusion: To review, within this essay the author highlighted the ideas that knowledge of health psychology can be used to understand the patients smoking related health beliefs and also, improved concordance with smoking cessation treatment can be achieved by involving the patient as partner in care.

Process Essay - How to Reduce Plagiarism and Cheating -- Expository Pr

Process Essay - How to Reduce Plagiarism and Cheating Recent studies have shown that a steadily growing number of students cheat or plagiarize in college -- and the data from high schools suggest that this number will continue to rise. A study by Don McCabe of Rutgers University showed that 74 percent of high school students admitted to one or more instances of serious cheating on tests. Even more disturbing is the way that many students define cheating and plagiarism. For example, they believe that cutting and pasting a few sentences from various Web sources without attribution is not plagiarism. Before the Web, students certainly plagiarized -- but they had to plan ahead to do so. Fraternities and sororities often had files of term papers, and some high-tech term-paper firms could fax papers to students. Overall, however, plagiarism required forethought. Online term-paper sites changed all that. Overnight, students could order a term paper, print it out and have it ready for class in the morning -- and still get a good night's sleep. All they needed was a charge card and an Internet connection. One response to the increase in cheating has been to fight technology with more technology. Plagiarism-checking sites provide a service to screen student papers. They offer a color-coded report on papers and the original sources from which the students might have copied. Colleges qualify for volume discounts, which encourages professors to submit whole classes' worth of papers -- the academic equivalent of mandatory urine testing for athletes. The technological battle between term-paper mills and anti-plagiarism services will undoubtedly continue to escalate, with each side constructing more elaborate countermeasures... ...tter grades and more advantages with less effort. Honest students lose grades, scholarships, recommendations and admission to advanced programs. Honest students must create enough peer pressure to dissuade potential cheaters. Ultimately, students must be willing to step forward and confront those who engage in academic dishonesty. Addressing these issues is not a luxury that can be postponed until a more convenient time. It is a short step from dishonesty in schools and colleges to dishonesty in business. It is doubtful that students who fail to develop habits of integrity and honesty while still in an academic setting are likely to do so once they are out in the "real" world. Nor is it likely that adults will stand up against the dishonesty of others, particularly fellow workers and superiors, if they do not develop the habit of doing so while still in school.

Puritan Depravity and Distrust in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

Puritan Depravity and Distrust in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved and require constant self-examination to see that they are sinners and unworthy of God's Grace. Because man had broken the Covenant of Works when Adam had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge, God offered a new covenant to Abraham's people which held that election to Heaven was merely a possibility.   In the Puritan religion, believers dutifully recognized the negative aspects of their humanity rather than the gifts they possessed. This shadow of distrust would have a direct influence on early American New England and on many of its historians and writers, one of which was Nathaniel Hawthorne. The influence of Puritan religion, culture and education along with the setting of his hometown of Salem, Massachusetts, is a common topic in Nathaniel Hawthorne's works.   In particular, Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" allows the writer to examine and perhaps provide commentary on not only the Salem of his own time but also the Salem of his ancestors.   Growing up, Hawthorne could not escape the influence of Puritan society, not only from residing with his father's devout Puritan family as a child but also due to Hawthorne's study of his own family history.   The first of his ancestors, William Hathorne, is described in Hawthorne's "The Custom House" as arriving with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 "with his Bible and his sword" (26). A further connection can also be seen in his more notable ancestor John Hathorne, who exemplified the level of zealousness in Puritanism with his role as persecutor in the Salem Witch Trials.  Ã‚   The study of his own family from the es tablishment of the Bay Colony to the Second Gre... ... 40 (First Quarter 1994):   67-88. Grayson, Robert C.   "Curdled Milk for Babes: The Role of the Catechism in 'Young Goodman Brown.'"   The Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 16 (Spring 1990): 1-5. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "Young Goodman Brown." 1835. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Lexington: Heath, 1944. 2129-38. Levin, David.   What happened in Salem?   2nd ed.   New York: Harcourt, Brace and World Inc, 1967. Mather, Cotton.   "A Discourse on Witchcraft."   Levin 96-105. Murfin, Ross C.   "Introduction: The Biographical and Historical Background."   Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism: Nathaniel Hawthorne, "The Scarlet Letter."   Boston: St. Martin's Press, 1991.   3-18. Shuffelton, Frank.   "Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Revival Movement."   The American Transcendental Quarterly 44 (Fall 1979):   311-321.

PowerPoint Evil

From this very first sentence you can clearly see how he feels about the program PowerPoint, and slideware in general. Tufte effectively makes his point by explaining, PowerPoint presentations are ineffective because, they present very little information per slide, it has a boring and pushy style, over the top colors and display, and its preprogramed data graphs are pointless (Tufte539). He uses lots of numbers and facts to persuade us that PowerPoint is an ineffective public speaking tool. One of his main points based on logos is each slide has little nformation (Tufte 539).He says, each slide typically shows 20 words in a school setting, 20 words is about 10 seconds of silent reading (Tufte 539). That's only 30 seconds or so of reading for a week of school (Tufte 539). â€Å"Now with power points being so overused in the classroom†, Tufte says, students would be better off if the schools simply shut down†¦ † (539). With each slide having so little information many slides are needed to Just slightly touch on a subject, thus your audience is relentlessly hit with an endless amount of slides (Tufte 539).Another play on Logos Tufte makes is with so many slides required in a PowerPoint presentation to convey a useful amount of information, the presentation is going to be boring. Most people will say they have never sat through a memorable PowerPoint presentation. PowerPoint tries to combat this with making its slides any color and design you could possibly think of, in Microsoft's hope all the color and designs will keep your audience captivated. However, Tufte explained if your content is boring, adding color and design to it will not make it exciting (540).An even worse ffect comes from PowerPoint giving its users so many creative options, sometimes, PowerPoint users will go so far with color and design that their audience will be so distracted by the PowerPoint's outlandish design that they are completely distracted from the information it is displaying. Something Tufte explains is, PowerPoint presentations try and somewhat assert its dominance over the audience (539). It's almost like a sales pitch as Tufte describes it (539). Tufte even says, â€Å"PowerPoints pushy style seeks to set up a speaker's dominance over the audience† (Tufte 539).Even the name has an element of dominance over the audience (Tutte 5 erPoint does this even tuture witn its graphs. â€Å"Straightforward tables turn into a mess of color and wasted space†¦ † says Tufte (539). â€Å"The data explodes into six separate chaotic slides, consuming 2. 9 times the area of the table† (Tufte 539). He states the information is almost made useless with all the color, encoded legends, and branding (Tufte 539). He even goes so far as to label the sample pictures of graphs on page 540 as, â€Å"BAD. PowerPoint chartJunk: smarmy, chaotic, incoherent† (Tufte 540).Tufte makes it clear how much he dislikes PowerPoint, he is even sound s emotional by the tone he is writing in. This play on pathos is another way he is persuading his of the evils of PowerPoint. His tone of voice is almost upset, his first few sentences are about being lied to and deceived. This upset tone of voice continues throughout the entire text. His tone is most prevalent in his quotes such as, â€Å"Particularly disturbing is the adoption of†¦ â€Å", â€Å"Everything is wrong with these smarmy, incoherent graphs†¦ † and, â€Å"one damn slide after another† (Tufte 539).His udience are people who come into contact with PowerPoint regularly, this is mostly the age group 15 to about 50. This is a big audience, because almost everyone comes into contact with PowerPoint about every day, if not multiple times a day. It's used almost everywhere someone would have access to an computer, schools, businesses, offices, anywhere someone needs to display information to a group of people (539). He wants everyone that is exposed to PowerPoint to know if you are presenting a PowerPoint to someone, you are not respecting them, as his quote, â€Å"Respect your udience†, displays (Tufte540).However, a more specific audience he is trying to reach and display his opinions to would be teachers. He expressed how he felt about PowerPoints in schools, he felt they were almost always useless, so if teachers read this text, they might take another look at the effectiveness of PowerPoints and maybe even look for other alternatives. One of Tufte's main goals of this text is to fix the problem of ineffective teaching in schools with PowerPoint. Tufte makes the majority of his argument with logos, he uses lots of facts, logic, nd numbers to convince us PowerPoint is not an effective speaking tool.His Pathos is in the form of his tone, very upset and even frustrated about how widely PowerPoint is being used. Even though he uses little Ethos, he makes a convincing argument. If a large sum of PowerPoint users were to rea d this, they would agree that PowerPoint has been over uses and might call for a worldwide product recall. Tufte, Edward. â€Å"PowerPoint Is Evil PowerPoint Corrupts. PowerPoint Corrupts Absolutely. † The Call To Write. 6th. Ed. John Trimbur. Mason: Cengage Learning, 2014. 538-540. pnnt.