Cultural Adjustment Problems Of International Students Essay

Cultural Adjustment Problems of International Students in the US In recent years, studying abroad has become a more attractive thing for young individuals. The number of students who are studying abroad steadily growing. Students who want to improve their knowledge and skills at the top universities of the world or explore different cultures are applying to study abroad programs. Many US colleges and universities are at the top of the rankings of world universities. The quality of education of the US colleges and universities and the differences of lifestyle in the US attracts the international students. For these reasons, US has one of the biggest international student populations in the world. According to the Institute of International Education (2016), during the 2015–2016 academic year, there were 1,043,839 international students from over 180 countries enrolled in U.S. institutions of higher education. As a result of these big numbers, the possible problems that international students might experience is also becoming a larger issue. While these students bringing their ethnic heritages, linguistic backgrounds and cultural worldviews to the US, they encounter some cultural adjustment problems in the US. During studying abroad experience, many international students are faced with language problems, homesickness, accommodation difficulties, social isolation, financial stress, cultural misunderstandings, and racial discrimination (Yakunina Weigold McCarthy,Show MoreRelatedAcademic Achievements And Social Adjustments Among International Students1665 Words   |  7 PagesInternational students face a variety of adjustments while studying in the United States. Researchers have provided an understanding of the kinds of adjustments international students have while adapting to university life, and one of the most discussed adjustments international student faces is with social adjustment (Andrade, 2014). Social adjustment is an effort made by an individual to cope with standards, values and needs of a society to be accepted. It can be defined as a psychological processRead MoreThe Tradition Of Traveling Abroad Knowledge1137 Words   |  5 PagesThere are hundreds of thousands internati onal students go to different countries for study every year. However, most people pay more attention to the advantages of study abroad, and ignore the stress of the international students. As a youth group, the international students have to deal with so many tasks, such as the acquisition of language learning, professional knowledge, research skills and effectively promote the understanding and trust between the international communities. Moreover, the mostRead MoreThe Importance of Education685 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Student attrition: Presentation Sometimes, the most important part of life is just showing up. This old clichÃÆ' © is also true about getting an education: once students have been accepted to an institution, they need to show up to their classes, and continue to show up throughout their academic lives at the institution. However, when students drop out of school, they usually do so by the end of their first year. This is true of transfers as well as new freshman. Often, the source of attritionRead MoreThe Problems Faced By The International Students Without A Social Security Number At Pittsburg State University1635 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 2 Review of literature: The problems faced by the International students without a Social Security Number at Pittsburg State University. 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In our research UK culture and international culture 67%Read MoreSocial Support, Stress, And Adaptation Of I mmigrants1430 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This proposed research is designed to handle the primary deficits in knowledge concerning the adaptation of immigrant s students to the U.S. Such problem has been caused by lack of information regarding the impact of immigration on the students who are of different age brackets as well as a lack of the longitudinal information regarding the post –migration adjustments. The primary aim for this study is on the behavioral, emotional as well as the academic adaptation of the immigrants adolescentRead MoreSupport Group For East Asian Students1343 Words   |  6 Pages Support Group for East and South East Asian Students in Counseling Program Ya-Chen Tsai University of North Texas â€Æ' Support Group for East and South East Asian Students in Counseling Program According to U.S. Census Bureau (n.d.), East and Southeast Asian Americans is largely a result of the huge influx of immigrants from Asia, it stood at nearly ten million of the total U.S. population and nearly seven out of ten Asian Americans were born in Asia. One out of ten people living in the UnitedRead MoreInternational Student Retention Efforts : A Correlational Study1480 Words   |  6 Pages International Student Retention Efforts: A Correlational Study A Research Proposal Submitted to the Department of Graduate Education of Lincoln Memorial University For: EDUC 511 JoAnn M. Russell Fall 2015 Abstract International students attending U.S. colleges and universities bring valuable cultural and educational diversity as well as economic contributions to American campuses and their communities (Andrade, 2006). Internationalization on college campuses encourages culturalRead MoreThe Challenges Facing International Students in Higher Education1294 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges facing international students in higher education and suggest some possible solutions. Tutor Name: Kinga Maior Student ID Number: 2060494 Date of Submission: Thursday 2nd May 2013 Word Count: 1,004 The number of international students studying in the UK has soared over the past decade due to globalization. Paige (1990) defined International students as those individuals who temporarily lived in the foreign countries and received the education as exchanged students. The main reasonRead MoreChallenges Faced By International Students1007 Words   |  5 Pagesby international students in American academic institutions Mallika Mahanandi Wilmington University Challenges faced by international students in American academic institutions In the article â€Å"Academic culture shock† author Godwin A. Kara discuss about the American academic institutions and the culture shock faced by the international students and scholars in the academic system. In the opening lines the author states â€Å"There is a gradual increase in the number of international students and

Communication Solves Issues - 743 Words

Communication is an important way to resolve issues. The ways that human being communicates with each other depends on a variety of different circumstances. Circumstances such as relationships, that may get complicated because of poor communication efforts. The goal for effective communication techniques is to utilize proper listening skills and body language. The two styles of communication that is often compared when it is between male and females are instrumental and expressive. According to some researchers interactions between men and women involve them using these styles (Ashford, LeCroy, 2013). The difference between instrumental and expressive communication is said to be based on men and women styles of communicating. According to Haas (1979) the instrumental style often used as the male’s ability to argue, instruct and dispute. In other words it is often said that men tend to use their logical mind whenever the approach an issue. Expressive communication focuses on the expression of emotions as well as having a level of sensitivity in how others feel. This type of emotions that researchers say women display because they tend to be interested in others opinions and seeks to provide support. Instrumental communications focuses more of the male and their interest in having a more rational discussion about thing that they might be experiencing. In other words they are not quick to be emotional expressive. They tend to be more interested in solving a problem so theShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The And Non Technical Lawyers1056 Words   |  5 Pagestheir inputs. An online form will be created to gather information from the lawyers. A secure link will be emailed to the lawyers to be able to access the form. My team wants to know about the issues they had in the past, how did they solve them, whom they contacted to solve the issues, and how the lawyers solve technical problems with their equipment. In the scenario. There are two groups of lawyers. One group has some technical skills and understands basic networking, and the other group does notRead MoreCommunication Challenges Among Cross Cultural Setting And Offshore Teams918 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding the commun ication challenges among cross-cultural setting and offshore teams and understanding the ways to minimize the challenges will help everyone to reduce communication issues and increase performance. Many US based companies are utilizing the teams from India and china to reduce the product development cost. While reducing the cost, using offshore teams, they face multiple cross cultural issues. Management needs to understand these kinds of issues and way to solve or mitigate theRead MoreCommunication And Leadership - Nurse1028 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication and Leadership – Nurse Olivia Witte Communication is a tool that nurse leaders should master to send information, perception, and understanding to achieve work activities and goals. Effective communication involves clear and direct messaging of thoughts and ideas. The three elements that leaders utilize when creating and enhancing effective communication are trust, respect, and empathy. For this paper, I will discuss some of the issues found in chapter seven’s critical thinking exerciseRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Combat Turnover874 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization gives a manager the task of studying why the turnover rates of the organization have climbed to over 35% in the last 18 months. 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In order to help solve thisRead MoreInformation And Communications Technologies : Ict1354 Words   |  6 PagesINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNLOGY Introduction: - Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) education is basically our society’s efforts to teach its current and emerging citizens valuable knowledge and skills around computing and communications devices, software that operates them, applications that run on them and systems that are built with them.   Dimensions of ICT: - There are many important dimensions to ICT education, including: Analyze and apply appropriate academic standardsRead Morehow to overcome barriers to effective communication Essay example1515 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication in business is the passing on of ideas and information and building relationships in this way, however in the process of doing so sometimes some issues and conditions may arise that might hinder the ideas and information being passed on from being understood clearly these are what we refer to as communication barriers. Therefore, its very important to identify the barriers of business communication to get your message across clearly. Organizational communication involves formal andRead MoreLesson 6 Case Studies Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior and Leadership Sushil Pant October 17, 2014 Chapter 12 Effective Communication: Partnership in Italy. The given case is about effective communication. In the case, Melissa Chang who is handling all sorts of sourcing activities at the company, she is asked to travel to Venice, Italy to meet her company’s partnering company. She is asked to travel for solving the issues that has made a bad impression of her company towards the partnering company. As before also Melissa’sRead MoreBusiness Using A Process Structure Based Divisional Model1636 Words   |  7 Pagesand Asian markets. This specialization will make it easier for them to pick up on changing trends in the market and keep up with demand. We would not recommend this as the most effective solution, though it would solve some of the wider issues. This could create an even bigger communication between upper level management and first level employees. Matrix: Another valid structure that Theresa can implement is a matrix structure. This would use a combination of geographical and functional structures

Competitive Strategy for Industrial Management-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategy for Industrial Marketing Management. Answer: Introduction There are various management tools needed for business development. These tools allow business to work smoothly by avoiding all the problems. Some of the tools available are SWOT, PESTEL, 5F, RBV, PROFIT and I/O. Thus discussing the importance of these tools for development of business. These strategies help in knowing the competitive environment which helps in identifying the competitors market. It helps in exploring and improving marketing, operations and manufacturing area (Thokala, et. al, 2016). These tools help in. Preparing the plan for identifying the requirements. Scanning the environmental conditions by considering internal as well as external conditions of the business. Applying techniques to analyse the present state of business and taking to better future. SWOT Analysis It firstly maps the position of business in the market by analysing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated with the business. It analysis the business on terms of these four factors, focuses on maximizing the strengths and opportunities and minimizing the threats and weaknesses (Rauch, et. al, 2015). It helps the business by providing a clear view that provides a way to meet the objectives designed. It showcases the ways in which weakness could be revised. The growth plans are drafted according to the strengths and weaknesses so that market opportunity can be known. The threats which are discovered are studied and possible changes are made in the policy or strategies by revising it from the ground level. It also helps in creating weakness matching and converting it accordingly. This tool plays a significant role as it provides motivation in the business plan by determining the success (Phadermrod, Crowder and Wills, 2016). It helps in knowing the traits and q ualities that the business possesses to attract more customers and improve the financial resource. It assures to maintain the productivity of business by identifying the weakness and working on it. It helps to know what competitors are doing in the market, what is the reason of their success. Apart from that it is a cost effective approach and has wide range of usability, helps in promoting discussions and provides visual overview of business so that integration and synthesis could be done. It delivers motivation to upgrade the business plan by focusing on skills, capabilities, abilities and capacities. Thus to achieve business goals opportunities are capitalised and weakness is addressed. PESTEL Analysis This is also a tool that is used by businesses for development as it evaluates potential, economic, social, technological surroundings of a business. It helps in exploring business to good level by understanding the foreign market. It is very useful as it tracks the laws related to business and the growth of the company in terms of economy (Derbyshire and Wright, 2017). It also helps in understanding the target market by knowing the demographic factors like the population growth or the age distribution. It looks for the latest technologies and reveals better opportunities and resolves the failed cases. This tool is very easy to understand and helps the company for preparing the plans to remove the possible threats. It provides deeper understanding of business by raising the awareness. It is basically used for product specification, developing marketing plans and improving customer relations. This helps in reducing the impact of threats on an organisation and encourages the employees for developing better strategies. It exploits new opportunities by identifying the current need in the market and helps the business to enter into the market globally. It helps an organisation in exploiting new options and monitoring developments in the environment so that sustainable development evolves over time (Madsen and Walker, 2015). Five Forces Analysis It helps in knowing the position of business in the market. Thus to improve the position in the market it focuses on suppliers, customers, issues in the market place, threats related to the competitors in the market. It determines the scope of by understanding the current state and defining a path to move forward by establishing a baseline (Lee, Yoo and Kim, 2016). This tool helps in analysing the business and future prioritizing the opportunities on the behalf of business value. It focuses on identifying the steps to increase the positive changes in the market place. It creates plan to attract more customers and remove the barriers. It enables the suppliers to improve the uniqueness of the product, and also increase the buyers by gaining a good position in the market. Five forces help an organisation to know the factors that are affecting profitability of the competitor industry, so that decisions could be taken related to specific industry; whether to raise the capability of specific industry by deploying competitive strategies (Gabrielsson, Seppl and Gabrielsson, 2016). Thus it can be concluded for betterment of business a development tool is needed as they play an important role in providing the information about the market so that an effective business process can be developed. It analysis the complete external environment along with the internal capabilities implemented. As every business has a competitor in the market to defeat them strategy is needed (Acquaah, Amoako-Gyampah and Jayaram, 2016). It includes the acquisition of the current outcomes and coordination to serve better. Any development tool like SWOT, PESTEL or 5F can be used for defining the business purpose and describing what actually need to be achieved, by outlining a plan to achieve the ultimate goals and beat the competitor. It focuses on the efforts that need to be taken by redefining the long term goals and objective. These tools contribute in bringing more profit for an organisation by gaining more market share. It deals with customer satisfaction to be more successful. It ca n be stated thatstrategic analysisare essential for every business and is one of the most elementary and valuable tool forbusiness planning. References Acquaah, M., Amoako-Gyampah, K. and Jayaram, J., 2016. human resource Management and Market Orientation Strategies in Family and Non-family Firms in Ghana: how Do they relate to Competitive Strategy and Firm performance?. InFamily Businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa(pp. 123-153). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Derbyshire, J. and Wright, G., 2017. Augmenting the intuitive logics scenario planning method for a more comprehensive analysis of causation.International Journal of Forecasting,33(1), pp.254-266. Gabrielsson, M., Seppl, T. and Gabrielsson, P., 2016. Realizing a hybrid competitive strategy and achieving superior financial performance while internationalizing in the high-technology market.Industrial Marketing Management,54, pp.141-153. Lee, S., Yoo, S. and Kim, D., 2016. When is servitization a profitable competitive strategy?.International Journal of Production Economics,173, pp.43-53. Madsen, T.L. and Walker, G., 2015.Modern competitive strategy. McGraw Hill. Phadermrod, B., Crowder, R.M. and Wills, G.B., 2016. Importance-performance analysis based SWOT analysis.International Journal of Information Management. Rauch, P., Wolfsmayr, U.J., Borz, S.A., Triplat, M., Krajnc, N., Kolck, M., Oberwimmer, R., Ketikidis, C., Vasiljevic, A., Stauder, M. and Mhlberg, C., 2015. SWOT analysis and strategy development for forest fuel supply chains in South East Europe.Forest Policy and Economics,61, pp.87-94. Thokala, P., Devlin, N., Marsh, K., Baltussen, R., Boysen, M., Kalo, Z., Longrenn, T., Mussen, F., Peacock, S., Watkins, J. and Ijzerman, M., 2016. Multiple criteria decision analysis for health care decision makingan introduction: report 1 of the ISPOR MCDA Emerging Good Practices Task Force.Value in health,19(1), pp.1-13.

What does it mean to be alive Essay Example

What does it mean to be alive? Essay It is an odd question that, when thought about, really does curtail you. What is the definition of alive? Can one thing be more alive than another? If a list of objects were given, for example: the universe, the world, a human, a piece of paper, a tree, a thought, tomorrow, a person that is anatomically dead. Which would be more alive? The Universe, because it contains everything else? Or a thought because it assigns that very value to the Universe? A piece of paper more than a tree, because it has the potential to have something incredible drawn or written on it, and thus contains the life poured into it? Is tomorrow alive? It motivates action, so where does it go on the list? What about the dead person, are they alive? What if that person was Beethoven, or another famous musician or person in history. Do they live through the legacy of their actions? Its a question so convoluted by arbitrary criteria, and a lack of a definitive dead as a contrast. Because Alive is subjective to individual interpretation, there can be no perfect answer in the frame of the question. The best possible answer is in the terms and ideas of each individual. The question of what it means to be alive is superseded by the ability to give meaning to life. There is no answer except that each individual has their own answer, and any given answers perfection is subject to the frame of imperfection (the question) it lies in and the individual interpretation of that frame; as well as the interpretation of the one making a judgement on the answer. We will write a custom essay sample on What does it mean to be alive? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What does it mean to be alive? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What does it mean to be alive? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Take for example, Rhain Davis, the boy that was picked up by Manchester United for his extraordinary talent in playing soccer. Imagine if Rhain values soccer as the greatest pleasure in life. To live, is to play soccer for him. If he continued playing soccer until he was finally signed on to play for Manchester United, picture his reaction if he were to lose both his legs in a plane crash the day after he was told. The person whose greatest value in life is soccer becomes unable to play soccer before his career began. Is his life over in the context of anatomical life and death? No. Is he alive? To an onlooker, perhaps his appearance carries their connotations of life. To the soccer player with no legs, though? If his life was soccer, what remains? To paraphrase my answer: To be alive is to give your own meaning to life. To make judgements to think. Everything is subservient to this, because before consideration is made as to what it means to be alive, you must define alive and its antonym. Only a thinking being is able to do that. A living being is one capable of giving its own meaning to the universe, its own interpretation of alive and dead. All else is dead.

Essay Sample on Software and Copyrights

Essay Sample on Software and Copyrights Sample essay on Software and Copyrights: Current copyright and patent laws are  inappropriate for computer software; their imposition slows down software development and reduces competition. From the first computer as we know them, the ENIAC, computer software has become more and more important. From thousands of bytes on miles of paper to millions of bytes on a thin piece of tin  foils and witched between two pieces of plastic, software has played an important part in the world. Computers have most likely played an important role in all our lives, from making math easier with calculators, to having money on the go with ATM machines. However, with all the help that has been given to us, we havent done anything for software and the people who write it. Software by nature is completely defenseless, as it is more or less simply intellectual property, and not a physical thing, thus very easily copied. Copied software does not make money for its creators, and thus they charge more for whats not copied, and the whole industry inflates. There are two categories of intellectual property. The first one is composed of writing, music, and  films, which are covered by copyright. Inventions and innovations are covered by patent. These two categories have covered for years many kinds of work with little or no conflict. Unfortunately, it is not that easy when dealing with such a complex matter as computer software. When something is typed on a computer, it is considered writting, as it is all written words and numbers. However, when executed by the computer, it functions like an invention, performing a specific task as instructed by the user. Thus, software falls into both categories (Del Guercio 22-24). It is generally covered today by copyright laws, for most mass market software at least. More advanced software or programming techniques, however, can be patented, as they are neither obvious nor old. This results in many problems which I will go into later. Copyrights last the lifetime of the author, plus 50 years, and can be renewed. Patents last only 17 years, but cannot be renewed. With technology advancing so quickly, it is not necessary to maintain the protection of the software for the length of the copyright, but also, it is sometimes necessary to renew them (Del Guercio 22-24), say, for a 10th sequel in a video game series or version 47.1 of Bobs Graphic Program. With copyrighted material, one is able to write software similiar to someone elses, so long as the programming code is their own, and not borrowed from the others (Del Guercio 22-24). This keeps the industry competitive, and thus results in better software (because everyone is greedy, and they dont want to fall behind). With patents no one is allowed to create software that performs a similar functions. Take AutoCAD and TrueSpace 2, two 3D modeling programs. TrueSpace 2 would be a violation of patent laws, as it performs a very close task to AutoCADs, which came first. Luckily for us, CAD programs are not new, they have been around for more than 10 years, and no one thought to patent them. Thus, you can see the need for change in the system. The current laws regarding the protection of intellectual material cannot adequately protect software, they are either too weak or too strict. We need a new category of protection. The perfect protection law would most likely last for 10 years, renewable. This is long enough to protect a program for as long as it is still useful, and allows for sequels and new versions just in case. It would also have to allow for others to make similar software, keeping the industry competitive, but it would have to not allow copying of portions of other software (because you cant quote something from someone elses software like you can with a book). However, there are many who dispute this, and I can see their point. Current copyright laws have and will protect software effectively, it can be just as protected as other mediums (Cosgrove). This is true sometimes, however, to copy a book would take time. You would have to type up each page to make a copy of it, or at least photocopy or scan each page, and it would most likely take up much more time than its worth. To copy a computer program however, takes seconds. Changing the law would take time and money, you might be saying. It would be a tremendous hassle in Congress to have a new law written just to cover that Information Superhighway thingy. Yes, thats true too, but to not change the laws will cost more. With the ability to patent new and non-obvious software functions comes serious problems. The latest new technology, be it ray-tracing 3D engines, anti-aliasing software, or a new internet exploring fad can be patented. This would mean that only one company and its software could use it. Any other companies that wanted to use the software would have to pay them a large sum of money for the rights. Also, since patent hearings are conducted over a period of 3 years, and in secrecy, company a might create a software package and then apply for a patent, and company b may create better software during that period, and might become quite successful, and then bam, the patent is given to the company a, who prompty sues the pants off company b. T his stagnates the computer industry; it used to be that company a would retaliate by making better software (Del Guercio 22-24). For example, Lotus software. They used to make data organization software. Up until I did this report, I thought they had gone out of business, because I hadnt heard about anything new being done by them. Well, while I was researching, I found the appalling truth. When patenting of software became acceptable in the early 90s, they closed up their RD departments and called in a bunch of lawyers to get them patents on all their programming techniques (Del Guercio 22-24). Ever since then, theyve been selling out the rights as their primarily (and Im willing to bet, only) business. This could even be taken to the extremes of actually patenting simple methods of handling data, such as say, mouse support. Now, it cant happen to mouse support as it is today, but in the future, something  undoubtedly will replace the mouse as the preferred method of input, for instance, in what may be a virtual reality future, the glove might be the input device. Anyway, say it did happen to mouse support. Every single program that uses mouse support would have to pay a fee for the rights to do so. This would result in higher software prices (arent they high enough?), and reduced quality in the programs, as they have to worry about the legalities more (Del Guercio 22-24). Needless to say, the patenting of software is not a widely loved policy, mostly embraced by large corporations like Lotus and Microsoft (Tysver Software Patents). Smaller companies and most often consumers are generally against it. Even with all the legal problems Ive mentioned that arise with current laws, thats not all. The complexity of software protection laws brings up a large degree of confusion. I myself thought that copyrights lasted 7 years until I read this. I asked 15 people in a chat room on the Internet what they knew about software protection laws, and only one of them knew that software could be patented. 12 of them thought that it cost lots of money for a copyright, which it doesnt. Its $20 for a copyright at most, and $10000 at most for a patent. 5 of them thought that software copyrights lasted 7 years (hey, its a popular misconception, I thought so myself at one point). And last but not least, 10 of them believed that there was no laws regarding the copying of software (there are, but theyre virtually ineffective). Now that you know all about the legal and business aspects of software protection, lets take a look at how it can affect you. Say youve got a web page, and youve got a link on your web page to your friend Bobs web page, and hes got a link on his page to JoeS LeeT PiRaCY aND WaReZ, and on that site, there is a link to a pirated copy of AutoCAD. Then Joe gets busted. Joe will almost certainly be in trouble, Bob will likely be either questioned or considered responsible, depending on the blatancy of the link, and YOU will likely be questioned and your page might be monitored for a time (Bilodeau). One such example is my web page. I had a link from my page (the Wierd Wide Web) to Archaic Ruins, which is a site regarding information on emulators of old video game systems. When the operator of Archiac Ruins got sued by a video game company (I think it was Konami), I too got questioned, and had my page had ANY questionable material on it, I would have been sued. Thankfully, I was too lazy t o work on the page, as I had planned to put up a page that had really old videogames. Who said procrastination was bad? How can you prosecute someone for a crime that is undefined? Thats a question many people are asking. What is a copy of software? Is it a physical clone of the media it came on? Or is it the code duplicated to someplace else? If so, where else? Currently, software copying is generally considered a copy of the code someplace else but thats a problem. We all know that a backup of software is a copy, but did you know that even running the software creates a copy of it? Yes, it does. When you load a program, it goes into your computers memory, and is legally considered a copy. While the copy does not stay indefinitely, it does stay long enough to perform a certain task, and can and has been looked upon as a form of software piracy, as stupid as that sounds. (Tysver Software Patents) BBS (Bulletin Board Systems, small online services run by normal people) Sysops (system operators) are legally considered responsible for all the files that are available on their system (Elkin-Koren). While at first this seems like an obvious thing, after all, it is their computer, they should know whats on it. However, if you had ever run a BBS before, which I do, youd know that its hard, if not impossible to know whats on your computer. Planet-X, my friend John Morses BBS, which I co-run, has 50 calls a day. Of those 50 calls, about 35 of them upload or download software. Neither one of us is constantly monitoring the system, nor is there a way to make the computer automatically check to see what happens. Thus, about half of the public files on the BBS we dont know about. Lets take a look at an example of BBSs and copyright, and how they oh-so-beautifully coincide. Sega Ltd., maker of the Sega Genesis and Sega Gamegear, recently sued the Maphia BBS for making Sega Genesis ROMs publically available in a download section. This section was a type of digital rental as it is commonly known in the BBS community. Commercial software publically available for download, on an on-your-honor system, you had to delete the files after a short period of time (24-48 hours). Unfortunately for the Maphia BBS, they did not have a disclaimer, stating that the files must be deleted after a trial period, and thus, Sega was able to sue them for it, as without the disclaimer, there was no proof that they had used the digital rental system, and thus it was not fair use, as it could be used for monetary gain by the downloader (not having to buy the game). Of course, it could be used for that purpose WITH the disclaimer, but the disclaimer does just that, disclaims the BBS operator of the responsibilities of that copy of software (Elkin-Koren). Another such case was the case between Playboy (I think we all know who that is), and the Frena BBS. The public file areas on the Frena BBS frequently contained image files, and more often than not, they were adult image files. Well, I dont know exactly how it happened, but Playboy somehow found out that this BBS had some scanned photos from a Playboy magazine, and because they have the copyright to all their photos, they w ere able to sue the operator of the Frena BBS. The operator had no idea that there were any Playboy images on his system (Elkin-Koren). Speaking of image files, they too can be a problem with software protection. Say youve got an image file that someone had copyrighted. You load it up in a photo-retouching program, and add a big old goat in the background and paint the sky red. Then you remove the artists file name. Viola, the picture is now semi-legally copyrighted to you, as it has been significantly changed from its original, although I wouldnt recommend going to court over it (Grant 12). All you have to do is change a very large portion of the image files coding. Technically, darkening or blurring the image, changing the file format, or interlacing the file changes the file entirely, and thus, its yours. Sounds too easy? It is. Copyrights and patents are designed to help the media it protects. But in the case of technology, its actually hindering it. CD-ROMs contain a lot of information, and are the perfect media for music. A lesser known media, the Digital Video Disc, or DVD, is much more versitile, containing 26 times the storage compacity of a CD-ROM, and 11500 times more than a standard floppy disk, or about 17 gigabytes (the largest hard drives are 9 gigs). However, DVDs are not available to the public. Why? Because of the ease of copying them. Weve all dubbed tapes, its easy to do. However, we often opt for higher quality originals, because there is always a bit of degradation in the copies (although its very small now). With DVDs, a copy is exactly that, a copy. No degradation, no reason to buy an original. All the big companies are really scared by this technology, because it will take another five bucks out of their pockets. DVDs would be one of the greatest advancements in the short history of computers, but because of the shadier uses it could be used for, well never see it. I like to compare it to the Internet, its very useful, but it can be used for illegal purposes. You be the judge (Ross 134-140). Luckily, we may yet someday see DVDs, because several companies are developing copy protection schemes for them, to stop the casual home hacker/copier. Macrovision, for instance, is producing hardware for the DVD player that will make them incompatible with VCRs (the easiest dubbing-to platform, the equivilant of CD to audio tape). It will send output through the audio/video out ports that when played on a TV, will appear normal, but when played through a VCR, will have color stripes running sideways across the screen. This is due to the differences between the ways the two work (Ross 134-140). So as you can see, current methods of protecting software are a hinderance on the software industry. The problems outweigh the benefits, but with a new law, the industry would be able to keep the benefits and minimize any drawbacks. Instead of having to nitpick over who wrote something that did something similar, it would be back to who wrote something more powerful than the other guy, and thats what makes the industry great, competition. Oh, and Id like to add that I broke copyright law a total of 13 times in the making of this report, when I made a copy of each reference with the school copying machine (James 16), although it was fair use, so Im not in any trouble (Ruth). 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Biography of Automobile Inventor Gottlieb Daimler

Biography of Automobile Inventor Gottlieb Daimler In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler (together with his design partner Wilhelm Maybach) took Nicolaus Ottos internal combustion engine a step further and patented what is generally recognized as the prototype of the modern gas engine. First Motorcycle Gottlieb Daimlers connection to Nicolaus Otto was a direct one; Daimler worked as technical director of Deutz Gasmotorenfabrik, which Nicolaus Otto co-owned in 1872. There is some controversy as to who built the first motorcycle, Nicolaus Otto or Gottlieb Daimler. The Worlds First Four-Wheeled Automobile The 1885 Daimler-Maybach engine was small, lightweight, fast, used a gasoline-injected carburetor, and had a vertical cylinder. The size, speed, and efficiency of the engine allowed for a revolution in car design. On March 8, 1886, Daimler took a stagecoach (made by Wilhelm Wimpff Sohn) and adapted it to hold his engine, thereby designing the worlds first four-wheeled automobile. In 1889, Gottlieb Daimler invented a V-slanted two cylinder, four-stroke engine with mushroom-shaped valves. Just like Ottos 1876 engine, Daimlers new engine set the basis for all car engines going forward. Four-Speed Transmission Also in 1889, Daimler and Maybach built their first automobile from the ground up, they did not adapt another purpose vehicle as had always been done previously. The new Daimler automobile had a four-speed transmission and obtained speeds of 10 mph. Daimler Motoren-Gesellschaft Gottlieb Daimler founded the Daimler Motoren-Gesellschaft in 1890 to manufacture his designs. Wilhelm Maybach was behind the design of the Mercedes automobile. Maybach eventually left Daimler to set up his own factory for making engines for Zeppelin airships. First Automobile Race In 1894, the first automobile race in the world was won by a car with a Daimler engine.

Capital Punishment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capital Punishment - Term Paper Example The arguments of Pojman, which supports capital punishment, were based on three premises from anecdotal evidence. First, the deterrent effect of an object is increased with the increased degree of fear it can cause to a person. Second, people fear death more than any humane punishment, and third, death penalty is a humane punishment. From these premises, the author concludes that the death penalty is a more effective mechanism to deter people from committing homicide compared to long imprisonment (277). The argument presented was potentially sound since it was supported by coherent reasoning. However, while the first premise is logical, the last two premises have a potential conflict since not all criminals are fearful of death and generally, capital punishment is inhumane. Nevertheless, the author’s conclusion still follows his premises since there is a high chance that potential criminals will avoid committing first degree crime if they are aware that the sentence that await s them is death compared to long imprisonment. However, it is argued that capital punishment is not an appropriate sentence to major offenders. There is also a strong contention against the principle that the death penalty has a greater deterrence compared to long imprisonment. ... However, it is argued that life as it is, has an intrinsic value. This makes it unjust and immoral to permit the gambling of the lives of murderers. For the anecdotal argument, one of the premises of the proponent states that the death penalty is a humane punishment. This premise is a weak assumption since it is contended that the moral values of society do not perceive death penalty as acceptable. Thus, killing a person is inhumane. Due to the weak premises of the proponent, it cannot be concluded justly that capital punishment, in contrast to long term imprisonment, has a greater deterrence among potential criminals. A study of Donohue and Wolfers on the homicide rates in US revealed that there is no statistical evidence to prove that the death penalty has a substantial deterrent effect on homicide commission. The findings of the time series analysis showed that as the death penalty execution rose up from 1920s to 1930s, homicide rates also increased while both of the execution and homicide rates went down from 1940s to 1950s (796). Moreover, Donohue and Wolfers also conducted a comparative study between Canada and US to determine if execution rates can significantly reduce homicide rates. The findings showed that both US and Canada showed similar changes in homicide rates amidst country specific legislations that directly affected their execution rates. For instance, when Canada did not conduct executions in 1962, its homicide rates were still close to the US. In a similar way, when US suspended its death penalty policy in 1972, both the execution and homicide rates of US and Canada rose altogether (799). This study supports the argument that capital punishment does not significantly influence homicide rates,